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Neurology > Neuropharmacology > Flashcards

Neuropharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that cause aplastic anemia?

A

Carbamazepine

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2
Q

Phenytoin MOA? 1st Line?

A

MOA: Increased Na+ channel inactivation

1st Line: Tonic-Clonic Seizures and Prophylaxis of Status Epilepticus

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3
Q

Phenytoin AE?

A
  1. Induction of cytochrome p450
  2. Zero Order Elimination (toxic builds up faster)
  3. Gingival hyperplasia and Hirsutism
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4
Q

What other drugs have zero order elimination?

A

PEA
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin

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5
Q

Carbamazepine MOA? 1st Line?

A

MOA: Increased Na+ channel inactivation

1st Line: Trigeminal Neuralgia; Simple, Complex and Tonic-Clonic Seizures

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6
Q

Carbamazepine AE?

A
  1. Induction of cytochrome p450
  2. SIADH=>Edema (Check ADH)
  3. Bone Marrow Suppression (Blood count)
  4. Check LFTs
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7
Q

Valproic Acid MOA? 1st Line?

A

MOA: Increased Na+ channel inactivation and Increases GABA by inhibiting GABA transaminase

1st Line: Tonic-Clonic Seizures and Bipolar Disorder
Can be used for both tonic clonic+absence

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8
Q

Valproic Acid AE?

A

PHIG

  1. Hepatotoxicity (Measure LFTs)
  2. Inhibition of cytochrome p450
  3. Contraindicated in Pregnancy
  4. GI distress
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9
Q

EthoSUXimide MOA? 1st Line?

A

MOA: Blocks Thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels

1st Line: Absence Seizures

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10
Q

Phenobarbital MOA? 1st Line?

A

MOA: facilitate GABAa action by increasing DURATION of Cl- channel opening

1st line: in neonates

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11
Q

Barbiturates consist of?

A

Phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital

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12
Q

Barbiturates MOA, AE?

A

MOA: facilitate GABAa action by increasing DURATION of Cl- channel opening

AE: Contraindicated in porphyria (Induction of cytochrome p450), Everything Depression, Inhibits Complex 1 of ETC=>Decreased ATP

Depresses Porphyria
Depresses everything
Depresess Complex 1 of ETC

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13
Q

Barbiturate withdrawal leads to?

A

Life threatening Seizures

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14
Q

Benzodiazepines end in?

A

-zepam or -zolam

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15
Q

Benzodiazepines MOA, 1st Line, AE?

A

MOA: facilitate GABAa action by increasing FREQUENCY of Cl- channel opening

1st Line: Acute Status Epilepticus

AE: Depression much like Barbs

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16
Q

Short Acting Benzos?

A

ATOM

Alprazolam, Triazolam, Oxazepam, and Midazolam

17
Q

Increase in Frequency means?

A

Increased potency

18
Q

Antidote to Benzo?

A

Flumazenil

19
Q

Felbamate MOA?

A

MOA: NMDA receptor antagonist

20
Q

Lamotrigine MOA?

A

MOA: Blocks voltage gated Na+ channels

21
Q

Zolpidem, Zaleplon and esZopicolne MOA? Use?

A

MOA: BZ1 subtype in GABA=> Puts you to ZZZ
Use: Insomnia

22
Q

Halothane vs Nitrous Oxide, which do you need less of?

A

Halothane=>needs less, less MAC needed=>Increased potency, more lipid soluble and higher Blood gas and slow

23
Q

Inhaled anesthetics are?

A

Halothane+ -fluranes

24
Q

AE of halothane and -Fluranes? Antidote?

A
  1. Malignant Hyperthermia
  2. Fulminant hepatitis

Antidote: Dantrolene

25
Q

Dantrolene MOA?

A

MOA: Prevents release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle

26
Q

How are barbiturates used as IV anesthetics and which one is used?

A

Thiopental, induction

of anesthesia and short surgical procedures

27
Q

How are Benzos used as IV anesthetics and which one is used?

A

Midazolam most common drug used for endoscopy

28
Q

Ketamine (Arylcyclohexylamines) MOA? Use? AE?

A

MOA: Blocks NMDA receptors
Use: dissociative anesthetics=>hallucinations
AE: Cardio stimulant, Hallucinations

29
Q

Ketamine is like?

30
Q

Drug that looks like milk? What is unique about this drug? MOA?

A

Propofol
MOA: Potentiates GABAa
Unique=>antiemetic

31
Q

Local anesthetics are divided into?

A

Amides and Esters

32
Q

How do you identify amides?

A

They have i before caine (like sugar caine)

33
Q

Local anesthetics MOA?

A

Block Na+ channels by binding to specific receptors on inner portion of channel

34
Q

Which fibers do they block first and last?

A

First: Small myelinated fibers=> dull pain
Last: Large unmyelinated fibers

35
Q

Why do the anesthetic esters have allergy?

36
Q

Which fibers do they lose first?

A

SPinothalamic then DCML
Pain then Temp
(1) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) pressure.

37
Q

NO explain its MAC, B/G ratio and Lipid?

A

Low Lipid=>Decreased Blood/Gas ratio=>Rapid Induction=>More MAC needed

Increased MAC for RAPID INDUCTION

38
Q

Thiopental rapidly redistributes or metabolizes?

A

redistributes

39
Q

Where does Thiopental Redistribute?

A

Skeletal muscle

Neurology (20 decks)

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