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Clinical Neuroscience > Neuropathology > Flashcards

Neuropathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 entry routes into the CNS for microorganisms?

A

Direct spread, blood-borne and Iatrogenic

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2
Q

Define meningitis

A

Inflammation of the leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid mater)

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3
Q

What is the main causative organism for meningitis in teenagers?

A

Nisseria Meningitides

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4
Q

What can cause chronic meningitis?

A

TB

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5
Q

Name 3 complications of meningitis?

A

Cerebral abscess, subdural empyema, cerebral infarction and epilepsy

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6
Q

Is encephalitis primarily viral or bacterial?

A

Viral ( often self-limiting)

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7
Q

What is a prion?

A

A protein in synapses that can mutate and aggregate

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8
Q

What does prion disease cause?

A

Spongiform encephalopathies

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9
Q

What is a neurofibrillary tangle?

A

twisted filaments of tau protein that cause cell death

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10
Q

What is a senile plaque?

A

enlarged axons that fuse due to amyloid deposition

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11
Q

Which 3 gene mutations cause amyloid deposition?

A

Amyloid precursor protein (APP), Presenilin (PS) genes 1 and 2

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12
Q

What is normal intracranial pressure?

A

0-10mmHg

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13
Q

What is a subfalcine herniation?

A

Cingulate gyrus pushed under the free egde of the falx cerebri. Causes compression of the anterior cerebral artery

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14
Q

What is a tentorial herniation?

A

Uncus/medial part of the parahoppocampal gyrus through the tentorial notch

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15
Q

What is a tonsilar herniation?

A

Cerebellar tonsils pushed into the foramen magnum compressing the brainstem

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16
Q

Name a benign and malignant primary brain tumour?

A 
Benign = meningioma 
Malignant= astrocytoma
17
Q

What is more common an ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Ischaemic

18
Q

What is a lacunar infarct?

A

Less than 1cm of a small penetrating artery

19
Q

What causes a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Rupture of “berry” aneurysm, branching points in the circle of willis

Clinical Neuroscience (14 decks)

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