Neurons

Question 1

Synapse

Answer 1

Junction/gap between the branches of adjacent neurons (axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another)

Question 2

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 2

Where an axon meets a skeletal muscle (doesn’t meet another neuron)

Question 3

Nerve fibres

Answer 3

Axons and dendrites of a neuron

Question 4

Nerves

Answer 4

Bundles of nerve fibres outside the CNS

Question 5

Nervous system

Answer 5

Made up of neurons

Question 6

Neurons

Answer 6

Basic structural unit of the nervous system, specialised cells with a specialised structure

Question 7

Cell body description and function

Answer 7

Contains nucleus and other organelles, controls function of the cell

Question 8

Dendrites description and function

Answer 8

Fairly short extensions of the cytoplasm of the cell body, carry messages or nerve impulses into the cell

Question 9

Axon description and function

Answer 9

Single, long extension of the cytoplasm

Question 10

Schwann cell description and function

Answer 10

Cell surrounding the axon, forms the myelin sheath

Question 11

Myelin description and function

Answer 11

Fatty layer that covers axons, Speedup movement of nerve impulses along the axon (main function), acts as an insulator, protects axon from damage

Question 12

Neurilemma description and function

Answer 12

Outermost layer of the Schwann cell, helps in repair of injured fibres

Question 13

Node of Ranvier description and function

Answer 13

Gaps in the myelin sheath, speed up the nerve impulse

Question 14

Axon terminals description and function

Answer 14

Where the branches of the axon terminate, converts nerve/electrical impulses into a chemical message

Question 15

Functional types of neurons

Answer 15

Afferent (sensory), efferent (motor), inter (connector, association)

Question 16

Afferent (sensory) neuron

Answer 16

Sends impulses towards central nervous system, has receptors

Question 17

Efferent (motor) neuron

Answer 17

Sends impulses away from the central nervous system

Question 18

Interneuron (connector, association)

Answer 18

Sends impulses between sensory and motor neurons

Question 19

Structural types of neurons

Answer 19

Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar

Question 20

Multipolar neuron

Answer 20

one axon and multiple dendrites, most interneurons in the brain and spinal cord and most motor neurons to the skeletal muscles

Question 21

Bipolar neuron

Answer 21

one axon and one dendrite (left of the cell body), in the eye, ear and nose and take impulses from the receptor cells to other neurons

Question 22

Unipolar neuron

Answer 22

have just one extension (the axon), cell body is to one side of the axon, most sensory neurons carrying messages to the spinal cord

Question 23

Nerve impulses

Answer 23

Can only travel in one direction along a neuron, travel from dendrites to the cell body to the axon