Divisions

Question 1

Autonomic system

Answer 1

Part of efferent division (takes impulses away from CNS), Consists of nerves that carry messages to the heart, involuntary muscles (E.g stomach), glands (E.g Pituitary) and other internal body organs (E.g eyes, pupils), Operates sub-consciously, Controls body’s internal environment- helps maintain the body’s internal homeostasis (works in conjunction with hypothalamus), Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, digestion, energy production, pupil diameter, airflow to lungs, defaecation and urination, Has nerve fibres in some cranial nerves and some spinal nerves

Question 2

Two neurons that carry autonomic impulses to the effector (organ or gland)

Answer 2

One neuron has its cell body in the spinal cord, One neuron has its cell body in a ganglion outside the spinal cord

Question 3

Organs receive impulses through

Answer 3

Parasympathetic or sympathetic division and mainly via acetylcholine or noradrenalin (at second synapse)

Question 4

Types of divisions

Answer 4

Sympathetic- acetylcholine at first synapse (neuron), mainly norepinephrine at the second synapse, Parasympathetic- acetylcholine at first and second synapse, Somatic efferent neurons- release acetylcholine at their junctions with skeletal muscles

Question 5

Sympathetic division

Answer 5

Responses that prepare the body for strenuous physical activity, ‘Fight or flight’ response (don’t use to explain), Enables the body to react to a ‘crisis’

Question 6

Sympathetic responses

Answer 6

Increased heart rate and force of contraction, Dilated bronchioles, Decreased digestion/saliva production, Increased blood glucose levels, Dilated pupils, Increased sweat production, Peripheral vasoconstriction, More blood to heart, lungs and muscles, Stimulates adrenalin release/relax bladder

Question 7

Parasympathetic response

Answer 7

Response that maintains the body during relatively quiet (restful) conditions, ‘Rest and digest’ response (don’t use to explain), Enables body to adjust to calm situations

Question 8

Parasympathetic responses

Answer 8

Decreases heart rate and force of contraction, Constricts bronchioles, Increased digestion/saliva production, Decreased blood glucose levels, Constricts pupils, Constricts bladder muscles, Little effect on sweat glands, blood vessels and adrenalin release

Question 9

Autonomic vs somatic voluntary/involuntary?

Answer 9

Autonomic- involuntary, somatic- voluntary

Question 10

Autonomic vs somatic division

Answer 10

Autonomic- efferent, somatic- efferent

Question 11

Autonomic vs somatic number of divisions

Answer 11

Autonomic- 2, somatic- 0

Question 12

Autonomic vs somatic number of neurons

Answer 12

Autonomic- 2, somatic- 1

Question 13

Autonomic vs somatic neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Autonomic- parasympathetic uses acetylcholine, sympathetic uses acetylcholine and norepinephrine, somatic- acetylcholine

Question 14

Autonomic vs somatic takes impulses to

Answer 14

Autonomic- involuntary muscles, heart and glands, Somatic- voluntary skeletal muscles