Neuron Physiology

Question 1

Spatial Summation

Answer 1

simultaneous stimulation of multiple synapses located near each other

Question 2

Temporal summation

Answer 2

Repetitive stimulation of the same channel, altering the membrane potential before it can return to normal

Question 3

Hyperpolarization

Answer 3

Change in the cells membrane potential that makes it more negative

Question 4

Calciums role in synaptic transmission

Answer 4

Triggers release of neurotransmitters from the storage vesicle. Enter through the voltage gated calcium channels after an action potential occurs.

Question 5

Excitatory Ion Channels

Answer 5

Have sodium channels

Neurotransmitters: Ach and glutamate

Question 6

Inhibitory Ion channels

Answer 6

receptors have chloride channels

Neurotransmitters: GABA, glycine

Question 7

GCPR

Answer 7

-several functions, slow and long lasting

Neurotransmitters: Dopamine, Serotonin, Ach, Norepinephrine

Question 8

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (EPSP)

Answer 8

Sodium influx causes a less negative potential

Question 9

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP)

Answer 9

Increased NEGATIVE potential due to the out flux of potassium and/or influx of chloride

Question 10

Primary neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 10

Ach, NE

Question 11

At rest, a neurons membrane potential will be closest to the equilibrium potential of what ion?

Answer 11

Potassium (-90mV)

Question 12

What neurotransmitter binds to AMPA, Kainate, and NMDA receptors?

Answer 12

Glutamate

Question 13

Influx of what ion into the cell can lead to hyper polarization?

Answer 13

Chloride, seen in inhibitory ion channel receptors such as GABAa.

Question 14

Example of de-myelnation in the CNS

Answer 14

Multiple sclerosis

Question 15

Example of de-myelanation in the PNS

Answer 15

Guillain-barre syndrome

Question 16

monoamines (catecholamines)

Answer 16

Epi, NE, Dopamine

Question 17

Monoamines (indoleamines)

Answer 17

serotonin

Question 18

Amino acid neurotransmitters

Answer 18

GABA, Glutamate, Glycine

Question 19

Dopamine Receptors

Answer 19

GCPR and usually inhibitory

Question 20

Where is epinephrine released in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 20

the adrenal medulla

Question 21

Serotonin receptors

Answer 21

Multiple GCPR, one Ion channel

Question 22

MAOIs increase levels of all___?

Answer 22

Monoamines

Question 23

Three antidepressants that target serotonin

Answer 23

MAOI’s, Tricyclics, SSRIs

Question 24

Glutamate

Answer 24

Major EXCITATORY NT in the CNS
Doesn’t cross the BBB
Uses GCPR and ion channels

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

Question 26

GABAa and GABAc are why type of receptors?

Answer 26

Inhibitory ion channels. Influx of Cl- leads to hyperpolarization

Question 27

GABAb is what type of receptor?

Answer 27

GCPR

It inhibits adenyl cyclase and calcium influx

Question 28

What is the major NT at the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 28

Ach

Question 29

Nicotinic receptors (excitatory and/or inhibitory?) (Ion channel or GCPR?)

Answer 29

Excitatory, Ion channel

Question 30

Muscarinic receptors (excitatory and/or inhibitory?) (Ion channel or GCPR?)

Answer 30

Excitatory and inhibitory, GCPR

Question 31

What are two neuropeptides?

Answer 31

Vasopressin and oxytocin

• prolonged action
• synthesized in rough ER