Neuron Physiology Flashcards
Spatial Summation
simultaneous stimulation of multiple synapses located near each other
Temporal summation
Repetitive stimulation of the same channel, altering the membrane potential before it can return to normal
Hyperpolarization
Change in the cells membrane potential that makes it more negative
Calciums role in synaptic transmission
Triggers release of neurotransmitters from the storage vesicle. Enter through the voltage gated calcium channels after an action potential occurs.
Excitatory Ion Channels
Have sodium channels
Neurotransmitters: Ach and glutamate
Inhibitory Ion channels
receptors have chloride channels
Neurotransmitters: GABA, glycine
GCPR
-several functions, slow and long lasting
Neurotransmitters: Dopamine, Serotonin, Ach, Norepinephrine
Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (EPSP)
Sodium influx causes a less negative potential
Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP)
Increased NEGATIVE potential due to the out flux of potassium and/or influx of chloride
Primary neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system
Ach, NE
At rest, a neurons membrane potential will be closest to the equilibrium potential of what ion?
Potassium (-90mV)
What neurotransmitter binds to AMPA, Kainate, and NMDA receptors?
Glutamate
Influx of what ion into the cell can lead to hyper polarization?
Chloride, seen in inhibitory ion channel receptors such as GABAa.
Example of de-myelnation in the CNS
Multiple sclerosis
Example of de-myelanation in the PNS
Guillain-barre syndrome
monoamines (catecholamines)
Epi, NE, Dopamine
Monoamines (indoleamines)
serotonin
Amino acid neurotransmitters
GABA, Glutamate, Glycine
Dopamine Receptors
GCPR and usually inhibitory
Where is epinephrine released in the sympathetic nervous system?
the adrenal medulla
Serotonin receptors
Multiple GCPR, one Ion channel
MAOIs increase levels of all___?
Monoamines
Three antidepressants that target serotonin
MAOI’s, Tricyclics, SSRIs
Glutamate
Major EXCITATORY NT in the CNS
Doesn’t cross the BBB
Uses GCPR and ion channels
