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Physiology Test 2 content > Infectious disease > Flashcards

Infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Normal Flora

A

Organisms that live symbiotically on or within humans but rarely cause disease

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2
Q

Example of normal flora on skin

A

staphylococci, steptococci

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3
Q

Example of normal flora in the oropharynx

A

streptococci, neisseria

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4
Q

Example of normal flora in the large intestine

A

E. Coli, Enteroccoci, Candida

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5
Q

Obligate pathogen

A

Causes disease in normal healthy humans

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6
Q

Opportunistic pathogen

A

Causes disease in compromised humans

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7
Q

Nosocomial Flora

A

Acquired from a health care setting

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8
Q

The establishment of infectious disease (stages)

A
  1. encounter
  2. entry
  3. multiplication and spread
  4. host tissue injury
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9
Q

Outcome(s) of infection

A
  1. Resolution (eradification )
  2. Chronic infection (HIV)
  3. Latent infection (herpes zoster)
  4. Death
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10
Q

Modes of transmission

A
  1. Contact
  2. Vehicle Transmission
  3. Vector Transmission
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11
Q

Modes of contact transmission

A

Direct: handshakes
Indirect: drinking classes, tooth brushes

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12
Q

Modes of Vehicle transmission

A

Airborne
Waterborne
Foodborne

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13
Q

Modes of vector transmission

A
  1. Mechanical- on insect bodies

2. Biological- Lice, mosquitoes, ticks

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14
Q

Cause of aspiration pneumonia

A

Inhaled infiltrate from the oropharynx that is colonized with upper airway flora
-Bacteria

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15
Q

Cause of aspiration pneumonitis

A
  • chemical pneumonia
  • Acidity of gastric contents results in chemical burns to the tracheobronchial tree, followed by an inflammatory response fueled by the release of cytokines
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16
Q

How does HIV affect the cellular component of the acquired immune system?

A

HIV produces a cellular immune deficiency characterized by the depletion of Helper T cells (CD4). The loss of CD4 results in the development of opportunistic infections and neoplastic processes.

17
Q

CD4 counts less than what level is diagnostic of AIDS?

A

200

18
Q

Tests used to diagnose HIV

A

Western blot, PCR HIV RNA and p24 antigen tests

19
Q

How does HIV gain entry into Th Cells?

A

HIV gains access to mucosal surfaces by binding first to tissue macrophages
-Macrophages interact with CD4 T cells and CD4 cells become activated and infected.

Physiology Test 2 content (9 decks)

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