Acquired Immune System

Question 1

Adaptive Immune system

Answer 1

system of host defenses against pathogens

-can recognize and remember specific pathogens

Question 2

Types of lymphocytes

Answer 2

B-Cells

T-Cells

Question 3

Two types of acquired immunity

Answer 3

1- Humoral or B cell immunity

2- Cell mediated or T cell immunity

Question 4

T Cell development

Answer 4

bone–>thymus–>stored peripheral lymphoid tissues

Question 5

B cell development

Answer 5

Bone—>stored in peripheral Lymphoid tissue

Question 6

Functional cycle of the B cell

Answer 6

Made in bone marrow–> Recognize infection–> Produce antibodies–> become memory cells

Question 7

Phases of typical infection and adaptive immune response

Answer 7

1. Innate response (establish infection)
2. Induction of adaptive response
3. Adaptive immune response
4. Immunological memory
   * *with a second exposure to a pathogen, response occurs with increased potency and duration

Question 8

Mechanism of antibody action

Answer 8

1. Direct action (enhances phagocytosis)
   - agglutination
   - precipitation
   - neutralization
2. Activation of the compliment system

Question 9

Antibody neutralization

Answer 9

Blocks viral binding site, coats bacteria and/or opsonization

Question 10

Antibody Agglutination

Answer 10

Clumping of particles/microbes

Question 11

Antibody Precipitation

Answer 11

creating chains and size eventually leading to phagocytosis by macrophage

Question 12

Functions of the compliment system

Answer 12

1. opsonization
2. lysis of pathogen
3. agglutination/neutralization
4. chemotaxis- attracts phagocytes
5. Activation of mast cells/basophils
6. increased inflammation

Question 13

T cells recognize antigens when bound to?

Answer 13

MHC protein on antigen-presenting cells

- T cells cannot see antigens on their own, need antigen presented to them

Question 14

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 14

• macrophages
• dendritic cells
• B cells

Question 15

Function of MCH-1

Answer 15

Present intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

Question 16

Function of MCH-2

Answer 16

Present extracellular antigens to helper T cells (CD4)

Question 17

Function of the Cytotoxic T cell

Answer 17

• Kill infected host cells, cancer cells, transplanted tissue
• Releases Perforin which causes cell lysis by forming a pore in the cell membrane

Question 18

Function of the helper T cell (Th)

Answer 18

• Activate macrophages
• Stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
• Induce formation of cytotoxic T cells

Question 19

Function of Th1

Answer 19

Activate macrophages (cell-mediated immunity)

Question 20

Function of Th2

Answer 20

Activate the B cells, eosinophils, mast cells (Humoral immunity)

Question 21

Disfunction of the adaptive immune system

Answer 21

• inadequate immunity
• excess immunity
• misdirected immunity

Question 22

Intraoperative allergic reactions

Answer 22

• 90% of rxn occur from IV drugs within 5 minutes
• Most common life threatening Sx= Circulatory collapse
• Sometimes the only manifestation is refractory hypotension