- Assoc. with systemic allergic reactions - Contain Proinflammatory chemicals

Innate Immune Systen Flashcards by Albany SRNA2016

WBCs

Macrophages
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
NKC

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Barriers to infection

Anatomical
Humoral
Cellular

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Anatomical barriers in the innate immune system

Mechanical-Epithelial cells/saliva/tears

Chemical-Lysozyme and phospholipase, decreased pH in stomach prevents bacterial growth

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Function of lysozyme and phospholipase

Break down cell wall and destabilize bacterial membrane

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Function of lactoferrin/transferrin in the innate immune system

Bind excess iron so that it can not be used to by bacteria. Iron is an essential nutrient for bacteria

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Function of coagulation in the immune system

increased vascular permeability and act as chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells
some products of coagulation are directly antimicrobial

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Beta-lysin

Produced by platelets during coagulation and can lyse gram positive bacteria

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Compliment system as a humoral barrier

increases vascular permeability, recruits phagocytes, lyses, and opsonization of bacteria

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Humoral barriers in the innate immune system

compliment
coagulation
lactoferrin/transferrin

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What is the first type of WBC to “arrive” at site of infection

neutrophil

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How to neutrophils kill bacteria?

Phagocytosis
ROS RNS
Antimicrobials
Peptides

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What are immature neutrophils called?

Bands

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How long does it take for neutrophils to arrive to the SOA

90 minutes

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What cellular defense mechanism is in place before neutrophils can arrive

Tissue macrophages

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Function of Eosinophils

ingest and kill parasites

- Detoxify antigen-antibody complexes formed during allergic reactions

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Basophils

Assoc. with systemic allergic reactions

- Contain Proinflammatory chemicals

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What pro inflammatory chemicals to basophils release

Serotonin
Histamine
Heparin
Bradykinin

“Shh Brah”

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Genesis of WBC

Myeoblasts—> Promyelocytes–> N.E.B.M.

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What doe levels of Band indicate?

How hard the bone marrow is working to produce neutrophils

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Where are granulocyte and monocytes formed?

The bone marrow

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How long of a supply of granulocytes and monocytes are stored in the bone marrow?

6 Days

Where are lymphocytes produced and stored

Lymphatic tissues

Give four examples of lymphatic tissues

thymus
spleen
GALT (Gut associated lymphatic tissues)
Lymph nodes

What are the infection fighting cells of the immune system?

Neutrophils and Macrophages

How are WBC attracted to inflamed tissues

Chemotaxis

Examples of chemoattractants

- bacterial/viral proteins - degeneration products of inflamed tissues - complement reaction products - plasma clotting products

In phagosomes bacterial are killed by what two mechanisms?

- Lysosomal enzymes (lipases, proteases) | - Reactive oxygen species

Respiratory Burst

Formation of Reactive oxygen materials for pathogen killing

What is Chronic Granulatomous Disease

- Herditary | - Defect in superoxide production

How to people with Chronic Granulatomas Disease present clinically?

Recurrent bacterial/fungal infections, can be life-threatening

What is the Reticuloendothelial system

``` Macrophage/monocyte system consists of -circulating monocytes -resident macrophages -macrophage- like cells ```

Cells of the RES provide natural immunity against microorganisms by:

1) phagocytosis 2) recruiting other inflammatory cells through production of cytokines 3) Presenting peptide antigens to lymphocytes for production of antigen specific immunity

Where are Kupffer Cells located

In the Liver

Clinical Symptoms of inflammation

``` Pain Redness Swelling Heat "PRSH" ```

What kind of barrier is microvascular coagulation to the preset of pathogens

Physical Barrier

What are immature macrophages

Monocytes

Define compliment system

system of serum proteins activated by antibody-antigen complexes or by macrophages

Function of the compliment system

- Cell lysis - Recruit inflammatory cells - Coating of microbes and induction of phagocytosis

3 Pathways of complement system

- Classical - Lectin - Alternative

Alternative Pathway

C3b attaches to host cells and bacterial cells. After attachment Host cells create special proteins. Bacteria cannot produce these proteins and are singled out for destruction

All three pathways lead to:

Cleavage of C3

When C3b binds to bacteria it promotes:

Phagocytosis by macrophages

Disorders of the innate immune system

- Inadequate Immunity - Excess Immunity - Misdirected Innate Immunity

Inadequate Innate immunity

- Neutropenia - Abnormalities of phagocytosis - Deficiency of compliment (C3)

C3 deficiency

Individuals subjected to repeated bacterial infections

Excess Innate Immunity

- Neutrophilia | - Asthma

Eosinophils role in asthma

Overactive, making airway reactive to non pathogens

Misdirected Innate Immunity

- Angioedema | - Abnormal activation and the wrong reaction

Cell players of the innate immune system

- Neutrophils - Macrophages - Antimicrobials - peptides

Natural Killer Cells

Type of Lymphocyte - Lysis of Viral-Infected Cell - Interferon - Macrophage Activation