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Physiology Test 2 content > Innate Immune Systen > Flashcards

Innate Immune Systen Flashcards

1
Q

WBCs

A 
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
NKC
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2
Q

Barriers to infection

A

Anatomical
Humoral
Cellular

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3
Q

Anatomical barriers in the innate immune system

A

Mechanical-Epithelial cells/saliva/tears

Chemical-Lysozyme and phospholipase, decreased pH in stomach prevents bacterial growth

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4
Q

Function of lysozyme and phospholipase

A

Break down cell wall and destabilize bacterial membrane

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5
Q

Function of lactoferrin/transferrin in the innate immune system

A

Bind excess iron so that it can not be used to by bacteria. Iron is an essential nutrient for bacteria

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6
Q

Function of coagulation in the immune system

A
  • increased vascular permeability and act as chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells
  • some products of coagulation are directly antimicrobial
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7
Q

Beta-lysin

A

Produced by platelets during coagulation and can lyse gram positive bacteria

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8
Q

Compliment system as a humoral barrier

A

increases vascular permeability, recruits phagocytes, lyses, and opsonization of bacteria

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9
Q

Humoral barriers in the innate immune system

A
  • compliment
  • coagulation
  • lactoferrin/transferrin
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10
Q

What is the first type of WBC to “arrive” at site of infection

A

neutrophil

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11
Q

How to neutrophils kill bacteria?

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • ROS RNS
  • Antimicrobials
  • Peptides
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12
Q

What are immature neutrophils called?

A

Bands

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13
Q

How long does it take for neutrophils to arrive to the SOA

A

90 minutes

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14
Q

What cellular defense mechanism is in place before neutrophils can arrive

A

Tissue macrophages

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15
Q

Function of Eosinophils

A
  • ingest and kill parasites

- Detoxify antigen-antibody complexes formed during allergic reactions

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16
Q

Basophils

A
  • Assoc. with systemic allergic reactions

- Contain Proinflammatory chemicals

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17
Q

What pro inflammatory chemicals to basophils release

A
  • Serotonin
  • Histamine
  • Heparin
  • Bradykinin

“Shh Brah”

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18
Q

Genesis of WBC

A

Myeoblasts—> Promyelocytes–> N.E.B.M.

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19
Q

What doe levels of Band indicate?

A

How hard the bone marrow is working to produce neutrophils

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20
Q

Where are granulocyte and monocytes formed?

A

The bone marrow

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21
Q

How long of a supply of granulocytes and monocytes are stored in the bone marrow?

A

6 Days

22
Q

Where are lymphocytes produced and stored

A

Lymphatic tissues

23
Q

Give four examples of lymphatic tissues

A
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • GALT (Gut associated lymphatic tissues)
  • Lymph nodes
24
Q

What are the infection fighting cells of the immune system?

A

Neutrophils and Macrophages

25
Q

How are WBC attracted to inflamed tissues

A

Chemotaxis

26
Q

Examples of chemoattractants

A
  • bacterial/viral proteins
  • degeneration products of inflamed tissues
  • complement reaction products
  • plasma clotting products
27
Q

In phagosomes bacterial are killed by what two mechanisms?

A
  • Lysosomal enzymes (lipases, proteases)

- Reactive oxygen species

28
Q

Respiratory Burst

A

Formation of Reactive oxygen materials for pathogen killing

29
Q

What is Chronic Granulatomous Disease

A
  • Herditary

- Defect in superoxide production

30
Q

How to people with Chronic Granulatomas Disease present clinically?

A

Recurrent bacterial/fungal infections, can be life-threatening

31
Q

What is the Reticuloendothelial system

A 
Macrophage/monocyte system
consists of
-circulating monocytes
-resident macrophages 
-macrophage- like cells
32
Q

Cells of the RES provide natural immunity against microorganisms by:

A

1) phagocytosis
2) recruiting other inflammatory cells through production of cytokines
3) Presenting peptide antigens to lymphocytes for production of antigen specific immunity

33
Q

Where are Kupffer Cells located

A

In the Liver

34
Q

Clinical Symptoms of inflammation

A 
Pain
Redness
Swelling
Heat
"PRSH"
35
Q

What kind of barrier is microvascular coagulation to the preset of pathogens

A

Physical Barrier

36
Q

What are immature macrophages

A

Monocytes

37
Q

Define compliment system

A

system of serum proteins activated by antibody-antigen complexes or by macrophages

38
Q

Function of the compliment system

A
  • Cell lysis
  • Recruit inflammatory cells
  • Coating of microbes and induction of phagocytosis
39
Q

3 Pathways of complement system

A
  • Classical
  • Lectin
  • Alternative
40
Q

Alternative Pathway

A

C3b attaches to host cells and bacterial cells. After attachment Host cells create special proteins. Bacteria cannot produce these proteins and are singled out for destruction

41
Q

All three pathways lead to:

A

Cleavage of C3

42
Q

When C3b binds to bacteria it promotes:

A

Phagocytosis by macrophages

43
Q

Disorders of the innate immune system

A
  • Inadequate Immunity
  • Excess Immunity
  • Misdirected Innate Immunity
44
Q

Inadequate Innate immunity

A
  • Neutropenia
  • Abnormalities of phagocytosis
  • Deficiency of compliment (C3)
45
Q

C3 deficiency

A

Individuals subjected to repeated bacterial infections

46
Q

Excess Innate Immunity

A
  • Neutrophilia

- Asthma

47
Q

Eosinophils role in asthma

A

Overactive, making airway reactive to non pathogens

48
Q

Misdirected Innate Immunity

A
  • Angioedema

- Abnormal activation and the wrong reaction

49
Q

Cell players of the innate immune system

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages
  • Antimicrobials
  • peptides
50
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

Type of Lymphocyte

  • Lysis of Viral-Infected Cell
  • Interferon
  • Macrophage Activation

Physiology Test 2 content (9 decks)

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