Neuron Firing/Action Potential, Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Steps of Neuron Firing
Resting Polorization (Stimulated)
Depolarization
Action Potential
Refractory Period
Overshoot
Hyper/Repolarization
Polorization
When at rest, the membrane maintains an electrical gradient, also known as polarization—a difference in charge between inside and outside the cell. Starts off dense with potassium, with a negative charge in the cell
Resting potential
Resting Polorization. Negative charge gradient in cell.
Sodium-potassium Ion channels
Opening in the cell membrane that allows for the passage of potassium ions out and sodium ions in.
Depolarization
Positively charged sodium ions enter the neuron cell, depolarizing it. This builds the electrical charge for action potential.
Action Potential
Messages sent through Axons and cell
Sodium–potassium Pump
A gate that during the refractory period repeatedly transports three sodium ions out of the cell while drawing two potassium ions into it
Refractory Period
Closing of the ion channels, and opening the sodium-potassium pump, sending the cell back to polorization
Hyperpolarization
The final step, where the cell returns to resting polarization, with more potassium inside and sodium outside, is negatively charged.
Extracellular fluid
Positively charged body soup filed with sodium and potassium
A neurotransmitter
A signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse
Glutamate Neurotransmitter
Main excitatory neurotransmitter
Gaba Neurotransmitter
Main inhibitory transmitter
Dopamine Neurotransmitter
Reward signaling & motor function transmitter
Serotonin Neurotransmitter
Mood, sleep, memory neurotransmitters
