Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Brain and Behavior > Neuromuscular Diseases > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Diseases Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards
1
Q

signs of upper motor neuron lesions

A

weakness, paralysis, spasticity, hypereflexia, extensor plantar Babinski sign, loss of superficial abdominal reflexes, little if any muscle atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

signs of lower motor neuron lesions

A

weakness, paralysis, wasting and fasciculations, hypotonia/flaccidity, loss of tendon reflexes, normal abdominal and plantar reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

clinical presentation of peripheral nerve disease

A

numbness, impaired vibration perception, atrophy of small muscles of hands and feet, weakness, ataxia, pain, risk for charcot foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

major cranial nerve symptom of myasthenia gravis

A

diplopia that fluctuates throughout the day, worsens towards the end of the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diagnostic test used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

A

tensilon test: inhibits ACh esterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

general principles of ALS

A

sensory is unaffected, random weakness, CNS involvement, hypereflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

general principles of polyradiculoneuropathy

A

sensory impairment involved, distal weakness more than proximal, CNS involvement rare, hyporeflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

general principles of myasthenia gravis

A

upper extremities more affected than LE, sensory impairment involved, weakness, variable CNS involvement, normal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

general principles of myopathy

A

more proximal weakness than distal weakness, normal or declining CNS involvement, normal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

risk factors for sporadic ALS

A

smoking! military, trauma, physical activity (soccer players), environmental toxins: cycad nuts in Guam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sites of motor neuron loss in ALS

A

cortex, brainstem, spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sensory or autonomic changes in ALS?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a way that ALS can be fatal

A

motor neurons to diaphragm and chest muscles leads to respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

oral sign of ALS

A

atrophic tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ALS medication, what it does

A

Riluzole: antiglutamate agent; prolonged survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diseases that can evolve into ALS

A

primary lateral sclerosis, progressive bulbar palsy, other motor neuron diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most common form of inherited motor neuron disease

A

spinal muscular atrophy (aut. recessive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

examples of mononeuropathy

A

carpal tunnel, peroneal palsy at the fibular head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

large vs small sensory nerves: myelination level?

A

large sensory neurons are well myelinated; small sensory neurons are poorly myelinated or unmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

function of large sensory neurons

A

relay vibration and proprioception info (dorsal column)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of small sensory neurons

A

relay pain and temp- form spinothalamic tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

symptoms of polyneuropathy

A

start in FEET (tripping), move proximally, hand symptoms appear when LE symptoms are up to the knee (trouble turning keys, opening jars), pins and needles, tingling, burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

autonomic symptoms of polyneuropathy

A

dry eyes, mouth, changes in sweat, orthostatic hypotension, bladder dysfunction, post prandial diarrhea, constipation, ED

24
Q

name this acute polyneuropathy: acute progressive neuropathy involving myelin of the peripheral nerves

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

25
Q

this acute polyneuropathy involves axons of nerves; can present as psychiatric disorder or have unexplained GI symptoms

A

porphyria

26
Q

most common cause of rapidly progressing weakness, demyelination

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

27
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome has this type of weakness and this type of hyporeflexia; what type of sensory neuron is lost?

A

ascending type weakness, symmetric areflexia, large fiber sensory loss

28
Q

causes of death due to Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

respiratory failure, autonomic instability, DVT, infection

29
Q

most common autoimmune disease involving post synaptic ACh receptors

A

myasthenia gravis

30
Q

pathology of myasthenia gravis

A

less number of receptors; weakness; ACh goes right to ACh esterase

31
Q

50% of myasthenia gravis presenting symptoms is..

A

ocular symptoms (ptosis, diplopia)

32
Q

weakness in myasthenia gravis patients is described as..

A

fatigueable weakness

33
Q

the antibody found is myasthenia gravis functions to..

A

bind, block, modulate the ACh receptor

34
Q

extremity weakness in myasthenia gravis: which is greater, legs or arms?

A

arms > leg weakness

35
Q

treatment of myasthenia gravis

A

ACh esterase inhibitors, plasma exchange, IV Ig’s, thymectomy, immunosuppressants

36
Q

botulism involves which part of the NMJ?

A

presynaptic part

37
Q

pathology of lambert eaton syndrome

A

voltage gated Ca2+ channel antibodies impede the release of ACh

38
Q

cancer associated with lambert eaton syndrome and calcium channel antibodies*

A

lung cancer, or possibly any underlying cancer. antibodies to the lung cancer result in weakness of LE, hyporeflexia

39
Q

the dystrophy muscle diseases

A

Duchenne’s MD, myotonic dystrophy

40
Q

the congenital myopathies

A

glycogenoses, mitochondrial

41
Q

the acauired myopathies

A

polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, drug related

42
Q

Duchenne’s MD is cause dby..

A

absence of dystrophin protein/ its X-linked recessive

43
Q

clinical sign of duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

Gower’s maneuver: getting off the floor by placing hands and feet on the floor together first

44
Q

most common form of adult dystrophy

A

myotonic dystrophy

45
Q

describe the myotonia of myotonic dystrophy

A

failure to relax muscle after contraction (hands get stuck)

46
Q

1/3 of all cases of inflammatory myopathies are..

A

polymyositis

47
Q

30% of polymyositis patients experience

A

cardiac disturbance: conduction issues, tachyarrhythmia, CHF

48
Q

treatment of polymyositis

A

immunosuppression: prednisone, methotrexate, azathioprine

49
Q

*distinctions for dermatomyositis

A

more rapid onset, very high CPK’s (creatinine phosphokinase), acute renal failure, skin changes that usually appear first

50
Q

dermatomyositis is also this type of syndrome..

A

paraneoplastic

51
Q

the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in adults

A

inclusion body myositis

52
Q

typical pattern of weakness of inclusion body myositis

A

asymmetric, wrist and finger flexors, quadriceps

53
Q

inclusion body myositis patients present with this 40-60% of the time

A

dysphagia (more than dermatomyositis)

54
Q

Duchenne’s MD CK levels are ____ that of normal

A

100 times

55
Q

this family of drugs can cause myopathy

A

cholesterol agents (statins)

56
Q

factors that determine whether or not to stop administering statins causing myopathy

A

if symptoms are intolerable, if CPK > 10 x, if elevation of BUN develops

Brain and Behavior (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions