neuromuscular

Question 1

neuromuscular system

Answer 1

links central nervous system to peripheral nervous system. composed of neural circuit (motor neurons in spinal cord, sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglions, and skeletal muscle fibers)

Question 2

functions

Answer 2

essential to movements of the body, the control of posture and breathing.

Question 3

includes

Answer 3

muscles in the body and nerves serving them

Question 4

nerves

Answer 4

long bundles of axons that transmit signals from the central nervous system. send and receive signals in the neuromuscular system.

Question 5

sensory nerves

Answer 5

(afferent) send messages to the central nervous system

Question 6

motor nerves

Answer 6

(efferent) send messages out to the muscles.

Question 7

autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

(involuntary) controls involuntary actions involving cardiac and smooth muscle, such as heart rhythm, digestion, and breathing.

Question 8

voluntary nerve signals

Answer 8

make skeletal muscles do a deliberate actions such as walking, throwing, or typing.

Question 9

muscles

Answer 9

contain long myofibrils made of sarcomere units, each consisting of long strands of proteins called actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments).

Question 10

skeletal muscles

Answer 10

work by contracting

Question 11

proprioception

Answer 11

specialized sensory receptors that provide the central nervous system with information needed to maintain muscle tone and perform complex movements.

Question 12

muscle spindles

Answer 12

proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of muscle tissue.

Question 13

older muscle

Answer 13

muscle function is reduced in older adults

Question 14

motor neuron

Answer 14

A neuron located in the central nervous system that projects its axon outside the CNS and directly or indirectly control muscles.

Question 15

sensory neuron

Answer 15

These are typically classified as the neurons responsible for converting various external stimuli that come from the environment into corresponding internal stimuli.

Question 16

reflex arc

Answer 16

A neural pathway that controls an action reflex. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This characteristic allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain, although the brain will receive sensory input while the reflex action occurs. There are two types of reflex arcs: autonomic reflex arc (affecting inner organs) and somatic reflex arc (affecting muscles).

Question 17

monosynaptic

Answer 17

reflex arcs that contain only two neurons (sensory neuron and motor neuron).

Question 18

polysynaptic

Answer 18

multiple interneurons, interface between the sensory and motor neurons in the reflex pathway.

Question 19

fight-or-flight response

Answer 19

in response to acute stress, the sympathetic nervous system is activated in response to the body releasing hormones.