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Neurology U WORLD Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Incidence =

Prevalence =

A

New case/total-people w/ disease

Diseased/total

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2
Q

Drug for Partial and Grand Mal seizures, SJS or TEN risk, GI symptoms common

A

Lamotrigine, Na+ channels

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3
Q

Visual pathways

A

First Aid Page 486

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4
Q 
Recurrent lapses into sleep
strong emotion
brief tone loss
decress CSF hypocretin 1
Short Rem
A

Narcolepsy

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5
Q

White pupillary reflex in young =

Inc risk of?

Gene?

A

Retinoblastoma

Osteosarcoma

RB

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6
Q

retarded, asocial, macroorchidism, long face =?

Gene?

A

Fragile X

FMR1, CGG repeat, X linked, hypermethlyated

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7
Q

Early Alz

AV septal Defect

HIrshsprung

duodenal atresia

T1DM

Hypothyroid

Leukemia

A

Down Syndrome

Chrom 21 x3, APP gene multipled (NOT ApoE gene = late Alz)

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8
Q

Neisseria Meningitis recurrent attacks, why? (2)

A

MAC dysfxn

OR

too much IgA (disseminated infxn

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9
Q

GABA-A MOA

A

hyperpolarize: Cl- in

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10
Q

Left face, right body loss of pain, temp, ipsilateral ataxia

A

Wallenberg (Lateral Medullary Syndrome)

CN5 nucleus, Spinothalamic Tract, inferior peduncle

PICA fed by Vertebral (lateral formina of Cervical spine)

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11
Q

Farmer, inc ACh symptoms (SLUDGE)

A

organophosphate poisoning (covalent bonded)

treat w/ atropine, pralidoxime

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12
Q

Alcoholic presents with confusion, vision loss, unsteady gait

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff: mamillary body affected

Dec thiamine = dec erythroctye transketolase

give thiamine WITH glucose

Wernicke = reversible
Wernicke Korsakoff = irreversible

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13
Q

Diplopia, no adduction of eye, no corneal reflex =? (nerves)

exit they travel through?

A

CN3, CN6, CN5, superior ophthalmic vein

Superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

Most important aspect in diagnosing Tetanus

A

H&P

no ABs, cultures, or toxin tests

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15
Q

G+ intracellular motile rod
narrow hemolysis, tumbling
high and low temp multiply

virulence factor

Agar

immunity

most at risk?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

listeriolysin O

Blood

Cell mediated

neonates and Hodgkins lymphoma

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16
Q

Stiff neck, fever, altered mentation =

treat?

A

Bacterial meningitis

empiric Abx, LP, CSF analysis

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17
Q

Neisseria CNS pathway

Staph Aureus

Strep Pneumo

H Infl

A

MC adults: pharynx, blood, choroid, meninges

Wound

Ear

Lymph

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18
Q

Adrenergics

Alpha 1

Beta 1

Beta 2

A

dilate eye, contract PBS, contract bladder (Ep, NE, phenylephrine, methoxamine)

Inc heart rate (Ep, DA, dobutamine, isopretenol)

dilate PBS, dilate bronchi, relax uterus (Dobutamine, isopretenol, terbutaline, ritodrine)

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19
Q

unpredicatable on/off parkinson’s symptoms

A

on/off phenom: long term Parkinson’s treatment

inc nigrostriatal degen, dec therapeutic window

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20
Q

SNS to eccrine sweat glands and adrenals

PNS pre gang and post gang

Somatic

SNS to Renal vessels

SNS to Heart and Vessels

SNS to other sweat glands and vessels

A

NACh

NACh - MACh

NACh

NACh - D1

NACh - NE

NACh - MACh

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21
Q

Wernickes: alpha ketoglutarate

A

amino group of alanine tansferred to alpha ketoglutarate

then converted to glucose

thiamine is co factor

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22
Q

Short term non-addictive sleep help

A

Zolpidem: Zs for Zs

same mechanism as benzos (inc freq Cl- channel firing at GABA-A)

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23
Q

GABApentin MOA

A

voltage gated Ca channels in presynaptic neuron

block fusion and NT vesicle release

also enhances GABA activity

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24
Q

increased AFP and AChE on amniocentesis

A

failure of fusion of neural plate edges

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25
neonate, MacConkey agar, pink colonies, G- rod= Antigen?
E coli meningitis K1 capsule
26
Rifampin, Carbamezapine, phenobarbitol, phenytoin do what to P450 and serum of drugs metabolized by P450 Fluconazole, cimetidine, omprazole, do what to P450 and serum of drugs metabolized by 450
inc P450, so dec serum level of drugs block P450, inc serum level of drugs
27
brachial plexus block affects diaphragm by? phrenic nerve roots pass through?
ipsilateral diaphragm paralysis phrenic nerve roots C3-5 pass thru scalenes
28
No abduction past horizontal, shoulder droop location of nerve
CN 11 effected Post Triangle of neck
29
Ptosis, down and out, fixed and dilated, loss of accomodation =
CN3 lesion
30
Do secondary messengers play a role in presynaptic release?
no, Ca+ channels
31
left dysdiadochokinesia?
left cerebellar mass
32
Parkinson's drugs that worsen anxiety and agitation
Carbidopa and levodopa
33
weak wrist flex, add, 4th and 5th digits, claw place nerve gets compressed Spinal Levels of nerve?
Ulnar nerve (ulnar claw) Guyon's canal C8-T1
34
Right nasal hemianopia
Right internal carotid artery, perichiasmal lesion
35
Migraines Symptom treatment abortive therapy Prophylaxis
Sumatriptan 5HT B blockers, anticonvulsants SNRIs
36
young boy/man, ataxia, muscle weakness, kyphoscoliosis, pes cavus, frequent falls associated disorder? Inheritance
Friedreich's Ataxia HCM AR: frataxin gene, GAA tri nuke repeat, chrom 9 (mitochondrial fxn)
37
Lipid stained macrophages, how long since stroke?
microglia, 3-5 days post stroke
38
Loss of CNS myelination = common sign of MS
MS or multifocal encephalopathy: oligodendrocyte depletion Oligoclonal IgG bands
39
asc. bilateral muscle weakness MC bacteria associated
GBS, immune mediated Campylobacter Jejuni
40
Foramen spinosum Foramen Rotundum Foramen Ovale
V1 ophthalmic branch, MMA and V V2 maxillary branch V3 mandibular branch
41
Ataxia, recurrent pulmonary infections, telangeictasia = Gene?
ataxia telangectasia ATM: AR: DNA break repair
42
BPDII mother, child born with neural tube defect
folic acid and valproate: 4 weeks gestation
43
Ventrolateral nuclei Ventromedial nuclei anterior nuclei posterior Nuclei arcuate nuclei hormones Paraventricular nuclei hormones supra optic nuclei hormones suprachiasmatic nuclei hormones
hunger: destruction = anorexia satiety: destruction = hyperphagia Destory = hypertherm Destroy = hypotherm DA, GHRH, GnRH AD, CRH, oxy, TRH ADH, Oxy secrete Circadian and pineal fxn
44
extensor muscle palsy =
crutch palsy, saturday night palsay, radial nerve palsy
45
worry about everything
GAD
46
B blockers help with? exacerbate
angina (B1 dec HR and BP) Asthma/COPD B2 bronchoconstriction
47
Resting membrane permeable = Ligand gated voltage gated
K Na Cl
48
Dementia + HIV whats affected pathology
HIV associated dementia subcortical (deep) gray inflammatory microglial nodules
49
CN3 palsy ispilateral temporal lobe mass
uncal herniation, downward displacement
50
Oral thrush + musltiple ring enhancing lesions
HIV, toxoplasmosis
51
Amitryptilin: type of drug? side effects?
TCA insomnia, anti ACh (no sludge) urinary retention, confusion, constipation
52
treatment for toxoplasmosis ring enhancing lesions
pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (clindamycin if allergy), follinic acid
53
Mass lesions with HIV and EBV
primary CNS lymphoma, B cells
54
CN5 neuralgia treatment MOA adverse
Carbamezapine Na channels bone marrow suppress and SIADH
55
Restless leg syndrome treatment MOA
DA agonist, pramipexole Fe+ deficient or idiopathic
56
Cavitary lesion, HTN, deep, hemiparesis if atherosclerosis
HTN, small lacunar infarct, internal capsule history of, big stroke
57
Serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, tremor, clonus, hyperreflexia)
SSRI OD in depression tryptophan
58
Cyproheptadine MOA
block Histamine and serotonin: antipsychotic
59
DIC w/ adrenal destruction post infection
N. meningitidis, Waterhouse Freidrichson
60
Hip drop contralateral on Trendelenburg test =
weak Glute Med, lean ipsilateral, superior gluteal nerve injury on standing leg
61
Gardener w/ mydriasis (dry and dilated eyes)
plant that blocks AChM: atropine poisoning need physostigmine (AChEI that crosses BBB)
62
HSV (shingles) CN5 tract: anterior or retrograde? kinesin or dynein latent or active phase
anteriorgrage, kinesin, active retrograde, dynein, latent
63
dec CO2 =? on ICP use to treat>
vasoconstrict, = inc vascular resistance = dec in CBF = dec. in cerebral edema
64
CN9, 10, 11 ipsilateral syndrome
Venet syndrome, jugular foramen mass
65
Low 5HT w/ neurodeterioration (retard) =? due to deficient in ? treat with ?
Phenyketouria BH4 (tetrahydropiopterin) or pheynl-hydroxylase, inc phenylalanine low phenyl diet and BH4
66
TMD Mandibular division of CN5 (V3) does? Maxillary (V2) does?
all mastication muscles and tensor tympani middle ear sensory
67
Viral LP shows?
normal glucose, inc protein, 90% leukocytes
68
Treatment for tonic/clonic + absence seizure Absence alone?
Valproate Ethosuximide
69
papilledema is due to?
impaired axoplasmic flow in optic nerve
70
unilateral facial paralysis, dec tearing, hyperacusis, loss of ant. 2/3 taste
Bells palsy
71
L-R disorientation, agraphia, acalcula, agnosia
Gerstmann syndrome angular gyrus of dominant parietal lobe
72
loss of fxn of mammilary body (alcoholic)
short term memory loss
73
Familial Parkinson's pathological feature due to
alpha synuclein lewy bodies Ubiquitiation problem
74
Down and out eye, artery involved muscles active
Posterior communicating artery lateral rectus, superior oblique
75
Lateral forearm sensory? elbow flexion and 6 shooter?
lateral cutaneous nerve MSK cutaneous nerve
76
Epidural hematoma (looks like, due to)? subdural hematoma (looks like, due to)?
lens, MMA rupture crescent, cortical bridging veins
77
Hemangioblastoma, kidney liver, pancrease Hamartomas and cutaneous angiofibromas PNS tumor, neurofibromas, optic gliomas, caf a luit, iris nodules Bilateral CN8 Schwannomas and meningiomas cutaneous facial angiomas, leptomeningial angiomas, retard, seizure, hemipegia, tram track skull Telangectasias
VHL syndrome AD TS Von Recklinghuasens (NF1) NF2 AD Sturg Weber Osler Weber
78
Symmetrical ventricle enlargement, tuberculosis infxn can cause? due to?
communicating hydrocephalus arachnoid granulation problem
79
Neuronal shrinkage, cytoplasmic eosinophila?
glial hyperplasia
80
kid, parkinsons, inc transaminases, dec ceruplasmin gene treat
Wilson's AR ATP73 D Penicillamine
81
BBB: made of can cross freely? areas w/ no BBB
Tight jxns, end feet of astrocytes, BM Nonpolar/lipid soluble area postrema (vomit), post pituitary (ADH release), organ of lamina terminalis (blood osmolality)
82
Narcolepsy area of the brain lab values
lateral hypothalamus: promotes wakefulness and REM Dec hypocretin 1, 2, orexins A and B
83
contralateral homonymous hemianopia
occipital cortex
84
neonate hydrocephalus, IC calcifications, chorioretinitis (yellow) = ? due to ?
congenital toxo in utero cat feces
85
absence seizures treatment MOA
ethosuximide dec Ca++ channel current in thalamic nuclei
86
Adult polycystic kidney disease associated w/? treat w/, MOA
SAH Nimodipine (dec. Ca++ current) prevent vasospasm and neurodeficits
87
decrease accomodation, cant read, drugs used? MOA
1st gen antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine) block histamine and ACh at ciliary muscle
88
central scotomas
lesions of macula
89
sudden arm up jerking lesion where? spinal levels associated
lower trunk brachial plexus, Klumpkes claw hand, intrinsic hand muscles C8-T1 Horners
90
finger and thumb Extension weakness, repetitive pronation, supination, trauma = ?
radius subluxation, radial nerve, supinator canal
91
Right sided pure hemisensory loss posterior lateral posterior medial
thalamic stroke contralateral body face
92
dementia, ataxia, urinary incontenence in older individual spinal levels
Normal pressure hydrocephalus S2-S4
93
Traumatic event then neuromptoms
Conversion disorder
94
CN5, mandible, maxilla, zygoma, incus, malleus, masstication muscles come from? CN7, stapez, styloid, lesser horn hyoid, facial muscles come from? neonate missing any of these
1st arch 2nd arch treacher collins syndrome
95
Kids w/ stroke like neuro deficits
mitochondrial diseases, heteroplasmy, inc, lactate variability of presentation: MELAS
96
self mutilation (biting), hyperuricemia, decrease HGPRT, increase PRPP = MOA
Lesch Nylon inc blood uric acid, kids w/ developmental delays
97
acute painless monocular vision loss
central retinal artery occulsion: cherry red macula
98
progressive weakness
MG, AChR Abs, thymoma
99
esosinophilic staining red neurons
ischemic stroke 12-24hrs ago
100
parkinsons treatment MOA
pramipexole direct DA receptor stimulus
101
pregnant w/ monolike illness infant at greatest risk for
CMV chorioretinitis
102
brady cardia after inferior MI due to? treatment? can cause?
dec Sa and AV node conductance atropine closed angle glaucoma
103
kinesin antero or retrograde affect if missing
antero dec synaptic vesicles
104
anxiety treatment assoicated NT brain location where NT is produced
SSRI fluoxeteine 5HT Raphe nuclei
105
ANterior pituitary is produced from?
surface ectoderm
106
Multiple sclerosis low or hgih neuronal length constant
low
107
Late Alzhemiers associated w/? (3)
ApoE4, E4 APP chrom 21 Presenlin 1 (chrom 14), and 2 (chrom 1)
108
Rapid recovery from propafol anesthesia due to
tissue redistribution of drug
109
neonate, acidosis, inc anion gap, ketosis, hypoglycemia, inc propionic acid due to
methylmalonyl coa deficit, cant metabolize Val, isoleu, metho, threonine
110
puffere fish toxin? MOA
tetrodotoxin Na+ channels, carrdiac and nerve tissue
111
how to prevent MPTP damage to DA neurons?
MAO-B blocker: selegiline
112
premie, large anterior fontanels, <1500g, hypotonia, prominent scalp veins
intraventricular hemorrhage
113
thymoma on CT, large mass
MG, autoantibodies to AChR
114
Parkinsons treatment
Levodopa (crosses BBB) Carbidopa (blocks decaroxylase) Entacapones (blocks COMT
115
pupil constrict, hypotension, vasodilate, which receptor stimulated
M3 ACh
116
alpha heli to beta pleated sheet
H bond rearrangement
117
Focal Seizures: Simple Complex Treatment
Partial hemisphere motor symptoms only (arm jerk) Motor + absence seizure carbamazepine, gababpentin, pehnobarbitol, phenytoin
118
Generalized Seizures Tonic/clonic Myoclonic ABsence Treatment
both hemispheres LOC and jerking brief jerk LOC Lamotrigine, levetiracetam, topiramate, valproate, ethosuximide
119
lymphoma, dec immunity, india ink stain and suocraud agar = ? Treatment
Cryptococcal meningitis Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
120
recurrent seizures more than 5min treatment
status epilepticus IV lorazepam (GABA) IV phenytoin (Na+)
121
flushing, diaphoresis, nausea after drug taken? used for?
cholinomimetic atonic bladder
122
volatile anesthetics inc?
CBF = ICP
123
Chronic loss of peripheral vision drugs target
open angle glaucoma = inc IOP and cup/disk ratio ciliary epithelium
124
Vomiting and vertigo
vestibular system inner ear
125
surgery, drug that precipitates opiod withdrawal symptom
Buprenorpohine, only a partial u agonist
126
antipsychotics with acute dystonic rxn due to
D2 antagonism in nigrostriatal pathway
127
no vertical gaze, upper lip numb, cheeck, gingiva number
orbital floor fracture: maxilla, infraorbital nerve (V2) inferior rectus trapped
128
5 year old, gait problems, posterior fossa mass, primitive cells rosenthal fibers, low grade small round, blue cells, high grade
medulloblastoma pilocytic astrocytoma meduloblastoma
129
Tetanus, spams: anterior or retrograde affects WHich NTs
REtro GABA and Glycine in cord
130
contralateral motor/sensory deficits in LE and urinary incontinence
ACA occlusion
131
Startle epilepsy, blotchy red ragged muscle fibers on Gomori trichome stain
maternal inherited mitochondrial disease
132
N meningitidis vaccine
capuslar protein, anticapsular antibodies
133
low cerebellar tonsils adolscent, or adult = neonate, severe, aqueductal stenosis, myelomeningocele, syrinx
Arnold Chiari malformation Type I TYpe II
134
Saddle anesthesia and no anal reflex
S2-4 dermatome
135
all extensors motor, sensory posterior UE, wrist drop, axilla or mid humerus FLexion, finger abduction, thumb add flexion thumb opposition
Radial nerve C5-T1 Ulnar Nerve Median Nerve
136
Achilles reflex
S1
137
extracellular neuritic plaques medial temporal lobe, amyloid beta (APP) Neurofibrillary tangles cytoplasm
ALzheimers, APP Tau
138
Hemiballism modulateds
lacunar stroke damage to subthalamic nucleus BG output
139
icepick, unilateral, recurring HA, tearing and runny nose
cluster HA
140
cystic degeneration of putamen
WIlson's disease
141
hypotonia, hepatomegaly, seizure, infant death, VLCFA
peroxisomes defect
142
South, infxn, rash, stroke symptoms, encepthalitis w/ flaccid paralysis
WNV: flavivirus RNA insect bite
143
aggressive, flat, jerky MOA Inheritence Treatment
Huntingtons loss of GABA, atrophy of caudate Tri repeat HD gene Chrom 4, AD resperidine, tetrabenzine, haloperidol, benzos
144
diabetic neuropathy due to?
nonenzymatic glycosylation and endoneural arteriolar hylanziation
145
HIV, HA, mass, EBV =
PCNS lymphoma, CD20 or 79a cells, high grade
146
papilledema, HA, vomit no up gaze, light neer dissection, bilateral eye retraction lesion location
Parnaurd syndrome Germinoma, pineal gland mass dorsal midbrain
147
dot or flame retinal hemorrhages
HTN
148
origin of seizure deficits
contralateral pirmary somatosensory coretex (post central gyrus)
149
elderly, recurrent lobar hemorrhage in occipital and parietal lobes
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
150
coagulase neg, extracell polysac biofilm virulence
Staph epiderm
151
loss of prop, stabbing and stumbles, VDRL+ spinal fluid, Argyll pupill affects?
Neurosyphilis Dorsal columns
152
+Romberg, prop, fatigue, sensory deficits
B12 deficit
153
MOA of huntingtons
histone deacetylation = gain of fxn, silence neuronal sruvival genes treat w/ histone deacetylase inhibitors
154
lancet G+ cocci pairs
Strep pneumo, most common isolated meningitis
155
acute hepatitis and centrolobar necrosis can be caused by
halogenated inhaled anesthetics (Flurones): P450
156
Numbness and tingling after TB treatment w/ isoniazid
competes w/ B6 pyridoxine
157
Long term pyridostigmine exacerbate improves w/ endrophonium test (tensilon)
myasthenic or cholinergic crisis myasthenic, not cholinergic
158
ANS modulated by NACh modulated by
cAMP, IP3, or Ions Na+
159
white around fundoscopic vessels treat?
CMV retinitis Gancicyclovir
160
labor, fecal/urinary incontinence =
pudendal nerve stretch injury
161
sporadic neurolgic symptoms, woman 20-30 yo, IgG, HL Treat
MS, Autoimmune INF beta
162
ISchemic injury in brain ischemic injury not in brain irreversible
liquifactive necrosis coagulative necrosis yes
163
antipsychotics, missed periods, nipple discharge: pathway
tuberoinfundibular path, prolactin
164
K+ on nerve graph
down stroke not peak or resting: most K+ permeable
165
Decerebrate extesnor posture after brain injury/hemorrhage decorticate flexor posture
transtentorial/uncal hernation = pons injury, mid brain injury, at or below red nucleus cerebral hemis or internal capusle, at or above red nucleus
166
post cardiac arrest lack of pupillary light reflex
upper midbrain axonal injury
167
meningiomas occur most commonly at
midline falx or tentorium cerebeli
168
contralateral hemineglect
meningioma in parietal lobe
169
kid, flaccid paralysis, degen ant horn cells
spinal muscular atrophy, SnRNP spliceosomes, SMN1
170
hyperacusis in facial nerve palsy
stapedius nerve and stapedius mscle paralysis
171
liqufactive necrosis due to
lysosomal digeston of tissue
172
as you move down in spinal cord cord white matter
increase, thicker space in ventral horn
173
enkaphalenins, dynorphins, endorphins, opiates, ACTH
POMC regions and MSH
174
<1yo, regression motor skills, macrocepthaly, bright red fovea, w/ white macula inc GM ganglioside inc B glucocerebroside inc sphingomyelin and HSM
lysosomal storage disease Tay Sachs: AR, no B hexoasminidase A Gaucher Miemann Pick
175
most common viral meningitis 3
Enterovirus aborvirus HSV2
176
Agitation, disorientation, pharyngospasm, photophobia, salivation virus type receptor type
Rabies ssRNA Rhabdovirus bullet shaped NAChR
177
Carbamazepine, barbituates, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin, St Johns wart, modofinil, cyclophosphamide
CYP450 Inducers: dec drug concn
178
Amiodarone, Cimetidine, Fluoroquinolones, clarithromycin, azoles, GF juice, Isoniazid, Ritonavir
CYP450 Inhibitors, inc drug concen
179
opiate induced analgesia
mu recetpor, inc K+ open, hyperpol post synaptic dec Ca+ influx presynaptic
180
treatment for essential tremor
propanlol B blocker
181
ADPKD
SAH berry aneurysms
182
berry aneurysms w/ down and out eye
near ICA branch point, compress CN3 at PcommA
183
spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage due to? location
HTN lenticulostraite arteries
184
1st 3 finger sensory deficits: nerve? wheres it trapped? between which muscles
Median Flexor retinaculum FD superficialis and profundus
185
Nonsense speech: wordy Wernieckes
MCA (does Brcas)
186
hearing loss tinnitus, NF2, neuroma location
pontomedullary jxn or CPA
187
contralateral hemiplegia of fuace and UE and aphasia if dominant
MCA occlusions
188
hgih blood - gas partition = low soluble =
slower equilibration w/ brain than NO rapid onset
189
PTSD diagnosed after
1month of symptoms
190
round cells, peripheral nuclei, granular nissl substance =
axonal rxn post wallerian degen
191
1st 3 digits, tinels + at flexor retinaculum
Carpal tunnel, median nerve compresion
192
unstable, fatigue, pallor of nails, hands
b12 deficit, serum methylmalonic acid
193
dysarthria and contralateral ataxic hemiparesis
CN5 lateral aspect mid pons
194
temporal bone injury, LOC
MMA, epidural hematoma, skull and dura
195
veicular tender rash on dermatome latent in? Abs?
VZV shingles reactivation dorsal root ganglion IgG
196
HIV meningitis, budding yeast, latex agglutination, pneumocystic
Cryptococcus neoformans
197
LUng tumor, cerebellar degen, dizzy, limb ataxia, dysarthria, visual problems, get better w/ stimulation
autoimmune Lambert Eaton Anti yo, P/q, Hu purkinje neurons
198
succinylcholine for surgery, fever muscle rigitidty, malignant hyperthermia due to? treat?
increase ca++ release dantrolene
199
+ babinski, hyperreflexia =
UMN lesion
200
topical for open angle glaucoma
latonoprost PGE2 inc outflow aq humor uveoscleral
201
INO disordered conjugate horizontal gaze
MLF lesion ipislateral dorsal pons
202
Neuro Malignant syndrom = caused by treat w/
looks like serotonin syndrome antipsychotics dantrolene and stop drug
203
gait and truncal ataxia
acute cerebellar lesion vermis
204
well differentiated neoplasm, juvenile , hair glial cells, cerebellum, rosenthal fibers, granular eosinophilic bodies
pilocytic astrocytomas
205
smoker + horners (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis) ANS? SOmatic
pancost tumor atapex of lung ciliary ganglia C8-T2 brachial plexus shoulder pain
206
caudate nucleus: Location and disease
lateral ventricle, Huntingtons
207
Femoral nerve block =
lidocaine into femoral crease, not ring
208
appendectomy, loss of sensation over ipsilateral suprapubic area GenFem nerve?
iliohypogastric n cremasteric reflex
209
Benzos MOA TCA MOA Barbs MOA
inc freq CL- channel open block NE and 5HT reuptake Inc duration CL- goben GABA-A
210
Adductors innervation
Obturator nerve, L2-4
211
NE made in
Locus ceruleus, posterior rostral pons: near lateral floor 4th ventricle RAS arousal
212
dense glial scar due to? process
myelin debris persists for years Wallerian degen
213
HA, vomit, papilledema, dry skin, HSM< weird diet
Vit A tox
214
Peripheral facial palsy
Parotid gland mass
215
shrunken nuclei, no nissl, eosinophilic cytoplasm = time since injury
irreversible cell injury red neuron, 12-24 hours
216
2 years progressive headaches w/ acute onset neuro symptoms = ? Pathology
Meningioma Whorled psammoma bodies
217
young, visin change, HA, calcified mass, choelsterol = from?
craniopharyngioma ant. pituitary, rathke pouch remnant
218
rapid neuro symptoms, decline and death with dementia w/in months = path
Creutzfeldt-jakob vacuolated areas, prion PrP, no treatment
219
young, reatrd, seizures, pallor of SN, locus ceruleus, vagal nucleus = pathophys?
PKU dec phenylalanine hydroxylase
220
loss of sense of tonsillar lining but no hoarseness = ?
CN9 deficits (not 10, 10 is hoarse)
221
gingival hyperplasia =
phenytoin
222
deep brain stimulation to globus pallidus or subthalamic nuclei in parkinsons used to
promote thalamo cortical disinhibition
223
cataracts, gonadal atrophy, frontal baldnes, inability to loose grib, gait disturbance = gene
myotonic dystrophy CTG tri nuke repeat
224
GBS path
endoneural inflammation infiltrate
225
capsaicin depletes? results in?
substance P pain relief but hurts first
226
rapid hypo Na+ correction =
osmotic demyelinating syndrome
227
Neisseria meningitidis vaccine against
pili, no adherence to nasopharynx
228
S100+, biphasic dense-nondense (Anteri A + B), acoustic neuroma embyro deriv? also S100+
Schwannoma, NF2 neural crest melanoma
229
decrease in motor end plate potential repeated contractions
MG
230
Excessive cholinergic stimuation of gut (SLUDGE) due to AChEI treatment
Scopolamine (ANTI M)
231
myoclonic/tonic clonic seizures treatment
braod spectrum anticonvuslants = valproate
232
child, febrile seizure best treatment
supportive care (aceto or Ibpu for comfort: block PGE2
233
after bronchoscopy (atropine) restless, dilated, disoreinte
use physostigmine (BBB), not neostigmine or edrophonium (do not cross BBB)
234
miosis, bradycardia, dec RR, hypotension, dec mentalfxn and dec bowel sounds =
opiate intox
235
vomiting chemo trigger zone
front of 4th ventricle = area postrema
236
foot slap, no eversion, numb dorsal foot, lateral shin =
common peroneal n injury
237
dec choline acetylatransferase in nucleus basalis and hioppocampus, yellow or green under polarized light after congo red Substantia nigra = caudate nucleus =
Alzhemiers Parkinsons Huntingtons
238
hearing loss, ipsilateral facial numbness, dec corneal reflex =?
CPA and acoustic schwannoma
239
big 3rd and lateral ventricles, normal sized 4th
cerebral aqueduct stenosis
240
butterfly mass, very quick onsset and growth, located in cerebral hemispheres
Glioblastoma
241
wide based gait, nonreactive but accomodating reflex, dec DTR Knee/ankle, + romberg type of bug accentuated by
Neurosyphilis, tabes dorsalis Spirochete HIV
242
helderly w/apparently enlarged ventricles (due to cortical loss)
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
243
NMDA role in Huntingtons
cell death, chorea, aggressive, memory problems
244
Tongue Sensory: General Ant 2/3 General Post 1/3 Gustatory Ant 2/3 Gustatory Post 1/3 Root bud
V3 CN9 CN7 CN9 CN10
245
spongiform transformation of gray matter
CJD PrP prion
246
opsoclonus, myoclonus, hypotonia, abd. mass, inc catechols gene amp?
Neuroblastoma adrenal medulla N-Myc
247
deep intracerebral hemorrhage due to HTN =
Charcot Bouchard aneurysm (not saccular SAH)
248
seizures, intracerebral bleeding
cavernous hemangioma
249
cant walk down stair can walk up, tuck chin and tilt head away from one side
CN4 lesion (SOM
250
superior/anterior to cerebellum
hippocampus
251
NF2 protein and chrom NF1 protein and chrom
merlin, 22 neurofibromin 17
252
slit lamp test +
Wilsons (ring on eyes)
253
Old brain infarct =
glial scar (astrocytic processes) on periphery
254
ipsilateral CN3 palsy, hemiparesis
transtentorial/uncal herniation
255
days old SAH presenting w/ new neuro symptoms due to? prevention?
vasospasm Nimodipine (Ca channel blocker)
256
HA, acute blindness one eye, previous fever, shoulder and pelvic pain = ? Ortho symtoms caused by?
large vessel arteritis (temporal or Multinuclear giant cell arteritis) polymyalgia rheumatica
257
clasp knife spasticity (initial resistance then release) due to lesion in where is lesion if it is in contralateral arm, leg , lower face
UMN, any point in pyramydal motor system Internal capsule
258
subdural hematoma and retinal hemorrhages in baby
shaken baby
259
ataxia, myoclonus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis due to type of virus vaccine is
mealses (rubeola) ss enveloped RNA hemagglutinin live atten virus
260
lesion to CST = presents as?
UMN spastic hyperreflex
261
Synaptophysin is a marker for ? GFAP is a marker for?
neurons gliomas
262
LP needle placed at? anatomical landmark spinal cord ends at
L3-4, or L4-5 Iliac crest L1
263
DM, CN3 down and out, normal reactive pupil, ptosis =
ischemia injury
264
young, loss of bilateral upper and lower pain and temp sensory loss = associated w/
syringomyelia scoliosis, Arnold Chiari
265
diaphragmatic nerves
C3-5 phrenic nerve
266
baby, lethargy, vomit, tachypnea, inc ammonia, inc propionic acid, acidosis =? missing enzyme?
congenital methylmalonic acidemia dec methylmalolyl COA mutase
267
nausea, dry mouth, ptosis, difficulty swallowing blocks?
botulinium blocks ACh release presynapse
268
HIV, lung infxn, then brain, spherical yeast, india ink, thick capsule
Cryptococus neoformans
269
many people, close quarters, meningitis endotoxin?
N. meningitids outer lipooligosacch
270
UMN and LMN motor only symptoms locations? treatment
ALS precentral gyrus, LCST, anterior horn Riluzole (dec glutamate release)
271
potency of inhaled anesthetic =
min alveolar concentration, the lower the more potent
272
drug rxn, facial edema, rash, LAD, eosinophilia 2-8 weeks post drug
phenytoin
273
sinus infxn followed by CN3,4,5,6 symptoms = most common bug
cavernous sinus thrombus S aureus
274
Pupillary light reflex not present
no optic nerve input
275
biceps // brachioradialis reflex
C5-C6
276
1st brain area damaged in cardiac arrest due to
hippocampus global cerebral ischemia and hypoperfusion
277
sensory lateral shoulder, motor deltoid, abduction, C5-6
Axillary nerve
278
hypoxia w/ bilateral wedge shapes in ACA, MCA, PCA watershed encephalopathy orientation
parallel to cerebral convexity
279
ulcer, fatigue = spinal areas affected
B12 deficit DC, Spinocerebellar tract, LCST
280
reciting months of year backwards tests
attention and concentration
281
syringomelia affects
ant white commissure
282
older paitents with insomnia treatment
rameltion (Melatonin receptor)
283
PC and LCST affected in women
B12 def
284
torticolis, subterminal spore formation
CLostridium botulinum
285
HTN, left temporal himretina
L lateral geniculate body
286
treatment for MS spasticity
Baclofen (GABA-B), tizanidine (alpha 2)
287
Broca's, right hemipareisis, comprehension good, nonfluent, area affected?
inferior frontal gyrus (Brodman 44-45)
288
home canned food, diplopia (NACh) and dry mouth (MACh)
Botulinum
289
Rheumatoid arthritis, intubated, then quadriparesis
cervical sublux
290
contralalteral hemianopia + paresthesis and numbness
PCA infarct Lateral thalamus
291
MS autoimmune response
T cell mediated
292
drugs to avoid w/ benzos
sedatives (diphen and chlorphen)
293
loss of motor fxn 1 side, sense on other side
Brown Sequard (hemisection of spinal cord)
294
wet age related macular degen due to treat dry vs wet subretinal hemoorrahge and drusen
inc VEGF Randibizumab, bevacizumab, smoking cessation gradual, acute symptoms
295
inappropriate behavior
Picks/Frontotemporal dementia
296
Large AV concentration of anesthetic =
inc tissue solubility = slow onset axn
297
fibular fracture, foot drop no toe extension, eversion intact = no eversion =
deep pereoneal nerve superficial
298
Vit E def looks like? spine areas affected
Freidrichs ataxia spinocerebellar tracts, DC, dec DTRs
299
dilated capillaries in cavernous sinus
hemangioma, shows w/ seizures
300
contralateral homo hemianopia
optic track lesion
301
kyphoscoliosis, high plantar arch, heart failure, gait ataxia inheritance pathophys tracts affected
Freidreich ataxia AR, FXN, GAA tri nuke repeat iron sulfur enzymes spinocerebellar

FOS (20 decks)

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