Ear Nose and Throat

Question 1

________ is a nonactpse fermenting, oxidase positive motile G- rod that is the most common cause of _______, a serious infection of the ear seen in elderly diabetic patients and presents with exquisite ear pain, drainage, and granulation tissue seen in the ear canal

Answer 1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 2

________ is characterized by tinnitus, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss. Its pathogenesis is related to an _______ volume and pressure of endolymph in the vestibular apparatus

_______ is characterized by otoliths in the semicircular canals, with vertigo being brought on by head movement, without any auditory symptoms

__________ is characterized by viral or postviral inflammation of the vestibular nerve with single episodes of vertigo that last days. No associated hearing loss

Answer 2

Meniere disease, increased

BPPV

Vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis

Question 3

the ______ nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via its small auricular branch. Sensation to the rest of the canal is from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 3

vagus

Question 4

blunt trauma to the globe can cause ________. These fractures most commonly involve the medial or inferior walls due to the thin bone bordering the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Most likely to herniate into the ________

Answer 4

orbital blowout fractures

maxillary sinus

Question 5

cholesteatomas are collections of _________ that forma round, pearly mass behind the tympanic membrane of the middle ear. The can be congenital or acquired and cause hearing loss due to erosion of the auditory ossicles

Answer 5

squamous cell debris

Question 6

cleft lip results when the _________ fails to fuse with the _______ during the 5th-6th week of embryonic development. Cleft palate occurs when the ________ fail to fuse with one another or with the primary palate. These can occur together or in isolation

Answer 6

maxillary prominence

intermaxillary segment

palatine shelves

Question 7

topical preparations of alpha adrenergic agonists cause ______ of the nasal mucosa vessels and are used as decongestants. Overuse can cause negative feedback, a phenomenon called ________

Answer 7

vasoconstriction

tachyphylaxis

Question 8

prolonged exposure to loud noises causes hearing loss due to damage to the stereociliated hair cells of the _______

Answer 8

organ of corti

Question 9

the ________ travels in close proximity to the inferior thyroid artery and can be injured during thyroid surgery, resulting in vocal cord paralysis

Answer 9

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 10

in conductive hearing loss, bone conduction will be _________ than air conduction (abnormal Rinne test), and the Weber test will lateralize to the ________. In sensorineural hearing loss, air conduction will be ___________ bone conduction (normal Rinne test) and the Weber test will lateralize to the _____________

Answer 10

greater than

affected

greater than

unaffected ear

Question 11

epitaxis is commonly caused by irritation of the highly vascular mucosa of the ________, which contains Kiesselbach plexus. The anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, and superior labial arteries anastomose in this region

Answer 11

anterior nasal septum

Question 12

Cricothyrotomy is indicated when an emergency airwa is required an intubation is either unsuccessful or contraindicated. The cricothyrotomy incision passes through the _________________________________

Answer 12

superficial cervical fascia, pretracheal fascia, and cricothyroid membrane