Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3A > Neurology - Seizures > Flashcards

Neurology - Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of NEAD

A

Childhood abuse
Neglect
Psych conditions - Depression, schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Presentation of NEAD

A 
Gradual onset 
Long duration > 2 minutes
Pelvic thrusting 
Post-ictal crying/upset 
Violent thrashing 
Don't occur when alone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NEAD investigations

A

Prolactin - Normal

Video telemetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is NEAD

A

Disorder of movement, sensation or experience that resembles epileptic seizure without cerebral ictal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a seizure

A

Clinical manifestation of abnormal and excessive neuronal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is epilepsy

A

A tendency to have seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is syncope

A

Transient global cerebral hypoperfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of epilepsy

A 
Cerebral palsy 
Tuberous sclerosis 
Downs 
Mitochondrial disease
SLE 
Cerebral vascular disease
Tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Focal seizures

A

Simple partial
Complex partial
Jacksonian
Todd’s paralysis

Can spread to bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Generalised seizures

A 
Tonic-clonic 
Myoclonic 
Tonic 
Atonic 
Absense

Both sides of the brain - Always LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Simple partial presentation

A

No LOC
No memory loss
No post-ictal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complex partial presentation

A

LOC
Memory loss
Post-ictal confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Jacksonian mean

A

Spreads from distal to proximal - E.g. in an arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Todd’s paralysis

A

Paralysis after a seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Temporal seizures presentation

A

Hallucinations
Automatisms - Lip smacking, grabbing, pulling
Deja vu
Post-ictal dysphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Frontal seizure presentation

A

Movements
Post-ictal weakness
Jacksonian march

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parietal seizure presentation

A

Paraesthesia

18
Q

Occipital seizure presentation

A

Floaters/flashers

19
Q

Absence seizure presentation

A

Cease activity

Blank stare

20
Q

What happens in a tonic-clonic seizure

A

Rigid

Followed by convulsions

21
Q

What happens in a tonic seizure

A

Rigid

22
Q

What happens in a myoclonic seizure

A

Rapid jerk movements

23
Q

What is an atonic seizure

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone causing a fall

24
Q

Pre-ictal symptoms

A

Prodrome - Change in mood or behaviour

Aura

  • Strange feeling in gut
  • Deja vu
  • Change in smell
  • Flashing lights
25
Q

Post-ictal symptoms

A 
Headache 
Confusion
Myalgia 
Sore tongue 
Temporary weakness - FRONTAL
Dysphasia - TEMPORAL
26
Q

Other causes of seizure

A

VITAMIN D

Vascular - Stroke, SAH, haematoma 
Infection - Meningitis, abscess 
Trauma - Head injury 
AI - SLE 
Metabolic - Hypoglycaemia, hypoxia, alcohol withdrawal, fever
Iatrogenic - TCA, BDZ, tramadol
Neoplasm - Primary and secondary mets 
Degenerative
27
Q

Epilepsy diagnostic criteria

A

2 or more unprovoked seizures occurring > 24 hours apart

28
Q

Epilepsy investigations

A

EEG

MRI

29
Q

Epilepsy management indications

A

Start after second seizure

Start in first seizure if…

  • FND
  • Structural abnormality on imaging
30
Q

Focal epilepsy management

A

Carbamazepine

Lamotrigine

31
Q

Absence epilepsy management

A

Valproate
Ethosuximide

NOT CARBAMAZEPINE

32
Q

Tonic clonic epilepsy management

A

Valproate
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine

33
Q

Myoclonic epilepsy management

A

Valproate
Lamotrigine
Clonazepam

NOT CARBAMAZEPINE

34
Q

Valproate side effects

A

VALPROATE

Vomiting 
Anorexia/ataxia 
Liver toxicity 
Pancreatitis 
Retention of weight 
Oedema 
Alopecia 
Teratogenic - NTD, tremor, thrombocytopenia
Enzyme inhibitor - P450
35
Q

Driving with epilepsy

A

No structural defect and no epilepsy on EEG - Cannot drive for 6 months after first unprovoked seizure

If epilepsy - Must be seizure free for 12 months

36
Q

Epilepsy in pregnancy

A

Require specialist care

NO VALPROATE

37
Q

Status epilepticus definition

A

Seizure lasting > 5 minutes

> 2 seizures in 5 minutes

NEAD IS DDx

38
Q

Causes of status epilepticus

A

Stopping anti-epileptic drugs

Alcohol withdrawal

39
Q

Status epilepticus management

A 
ABC + O2 
Buccal midazolam 
Rectal diazepam
IV lorazepam
Phenytoin
Known epilepsy - Phenobarbital
Intubate
40
Q

Complications of status epilepticus

A

Renal - AKI from rhabdomyolysis
Metabolic - Lactic acidosis and hypercapnia
Autonomic - Vomiting, incontinence
Cardio/resp - Hypoxia, aspiration pneumonia

3A (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions