Neurology: Anatomy Spot Test Flashcards
Name the structures indicated by labels A and B
A: Denticulate ligament
B: Dorsal rootlet
Name the structures indicated by labels C, D and E
C: Anterior spinal artery
D: Great radicular artery
E: Cauda equina
Name the structures indicated by labels F, G and H
F: Anterior spinal artery
G: Dorsal root ganglion
H: Dura mater
Name the structures indicated by labels I and J
I: Conus medullaris
J: Filum terminale
Name the structures indicated by labels A, B and C
A: Dorsal horn
B: Lateral horn
C: Ventral horn
What type of neurons are located in B
Contains sympathetic preganglionic neurons
What is the spinal cord level? (Cx/Tx/Lx)
Thoracic
Name the structures indicated by labels A, B and C
A: Cuneate tract
B: Dorsal horn
C: Gracile tract
Name the tract indicated by A and the type of information that it carries
Cuneate tract
Carries tactile and conscious proprioceptive somatosensory information from the upper body
Name the tract indicated by C and the type of information that it carries
Gracile tract
Carries tactile and conscious proprioceptive somatosensory information from the lower body
What symptoms would occur following a lesion to the neurons contained in D?
Lesion to ventral horn
- Paralysis of muscles innervated by that spinal cord level
- Loss of reflexes
Name the space indicated by A
Subarachnoid space
Name the approximate spinal level indicated by B
C3
Name the structure indicated by C
Intevertebral disc
Name the level of the vertebral body indicated by D and spinal nerve that passes below
C7 vertebral level
C8 spinal nerve passes below
Name the structure indicated by E
Spinous process
What type of MRI is this? (T1/T2)
T1-weighted
Name the structures indicated by A, B and C
A: Spinal cord
B: Dorsal rootlet
C: Vertebral body/intervertebral disc
Name the space indicated by D
Subarachnoid space
Name the structures indicated by E and F
E: Ribs
F: Aorta
Name the approximate spinal cord level of this image (Cx/Tx/Lx)
Cervical
Name the approximate spinal cord level of this image (Cx/Tx/Lx)
Thoracic
Name the structures indicated by A-F
A: Anterior horn of lateral ventricle
B: Body of lateral ventricle
C: Posterior horn of lateral ventricle
D: Third ventricle
E: Inferior horn of lateral ventricle
F: Fourth ventricle
Which brain region lies lateral to D?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Which brain region lies posterior to F?
Cerebellum
Name the parts of the brain indicated by A and B
A: Corpus callosum
B: Thalamus
Name the parts of the ventricular system indicated by C-H
C: Interpeduncular cistern
D: Pontine cistern
E: Superior cistern
F: Fourth ventricle
G: Cisterna magna or cerebellomedullary cistern
H: Central canal
Name the artery located in D
Basilar artery
D: Pontine cistern
What is the collective name for C and E?
Cisterna ambiens
C: Interpeduncular cistern
E: Superior cistern
Name the dural folds indicated by A, B and C
A: Falx cerebri
B: Tentorium cerebelli
C: Falx cerebelli
Name the skull suture that lies superiorly to A
Sagittal suture
Name the cistern that lies immediately inferior to B
Superior cistern
Name the cistern that lies immediately inferior to C
Cisterna magna
Name the venous sinuses indicated by A, B and C
A: Transverse sinus
B: Sigmoid sinus
C: Superior petrosal sinus
Name vessel D
Internal carotid artery
What bone is indicated by E
Petrous temporal bone
What structure does the blood in B flow into?
Internal jugular vein
Name the spaces indicated by A-E
A: Superior cistern
B: Cerebral/midbrain aqueduct
C: Third ventricle
D: Median aperture
E: Cisterna magna
What brain structure is indicated by F?
Pituitary gland
Name the vessel indicated by G
Basilar artery
Name spaces A-D
A: Fourth ventricle
B: Pontine cistern
C: Third ventricle
D: Lateral ventricle (trigone)
Name the vessel in B
Bailar artery
Through which foramen does CSF pass through to get from D to C?
Foramen of Monro (Interventricular foramen)
D: Lateral ventricle to C: Third ventricle
What type of MRI is this? (T1/T2)
T2-weighted
What is the approximate brainstem level of this section?
Caudal medulla (level of decussation)
Name the nuclei indicated by A and B
A: Gracile nucleus
B: Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Name the fibre tract indicated by C
Corticospinal tract
What type of information is contained in B?
Pain and temperature from the ipsilateral face
B: spinal trigeminal nucleus
What type of information is contained in C?
Motor to the contralateral body
C: Corticospinal tract
Where do the neurons in C terminate?
Ventral horn of spinal cord
C: Corticospinal tract
What is the approximate brainstem level of this section?
Caudal medulla (level of sensory decussation)
Name the nuclei indicated by A and B
A: Spinal trigeminal nucleus
B: Hypoglossal nucleus
Name the fibre tract indicated by C
C: Spinothalamic tract
What type of information is contained in B?
Motor to the tongue
B: Hypoglossal nucleus
What type of information is contained in C?
Pain and temperature from the contralateral body
Where do the neurons in C terminate?
Thalamus
C: Spinothalamic tract
What is the approximate brainstem level of this section?
Pons
Name the nuclei indicated by A and B
A: Abducens nucleus
B: Pontine nuclei
Name the fibre tracts indicated by C
Medial lemniscus
What type of information is contained in A
Motor to lateral rectus
What type of information is contained in C?
All somatosensory information from the contralateral body and face
Where do most of the neurons in D terminate?
Contralateral ventral horn
D: corticospinal/corticobulbar tracts
What is the approximate brainstem level of this section?
Caudal midbrain
Name the regions indicated by A, B and C
A: Midbrain periaqueductal gray matter
B: Inferior colliculus
C: Substantia nigra
Name the fibre tract indicated by D
Medial lemniscus
Name the general functions of area A
A: Defensive behaviours and analgesia (midbrain periaqueductal gray matter)
What type of information is contained in D?
All somatosensory information from the contralateral body and face
D: Medial lemniscus
Name the structures A-E
A: Superior colliculus
B: Middle cerebellar peduncle
C: Gracile tubercle
D: Olive
E: Pyramidal decussation.
What brainstem levels are each of these MRIs?
1-3 (L-R)
- Open medulla
- Pons
- Midbrain
Name the fibre tracts indicated by A and B; where do the fibres in these tracts originate?
A: Corticospinal
B: Corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine
All originate in primary motor cortex
Name the spaces C and D
C: Pontine cistern
D: Interpeduncular cistern.
Name cranial nerves A-D
A: Olfactory tract
B: Oculomotor nerve
C: Trochlear nerve
D: Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
Where are the cell bodies of the nerves indicated by B and C located?
B: Oculomotor nucleus
C: Trochlea nucleus
What major symptoms would result from a complete transection of the cranial nerve indicated by B?
CNIII
Supplies 4 of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles and levator palpebrae muscle
- Damage can lead to ptosis (drooping eyelid) and restricted eye movements and outward deviation which causes diplopia
Also contains parasympathetic fibres which supply the constrictor pupillae muscle and the ciliary muscle
- Damage leads to a dilated pupil and loss of accommodation.
Name the foramina A-D
A: Optic canal
B: Foramen rotundum
C: Foramen ovale
D: Formen spinosum
Which cranial nerve passes through B?
Maxillary division of CNV (V2)
B: Foramen rotundum
What symptoms would result if the nerve passing through B was transected?
Anaesthesia to the region over the cheek and upper lip
B: Foramen rotundum, maxillary nerve (V2)
Name the structures indicated by A-F
A: Internal carotid artery
B: Oculomotor nerve
C: Trigeminal ganglion
D: Abducens nerve
E: Vestibulocochlear nerve
F: Basilar artery
What does E supply?
Vestibular apparatus and cochlea
E: Vestibulocochlear nerve
Where are the cell bodies of the neurons in D located?
Abducens nucleus
Name the structures A-D
A: Vestibulocochlear complex
B: Abducens nucleus
C: Vestibulocochlear nerve
D: Facial nerve
What would be the primary functional consequence of a transection of D?
Facial nerve: supplies motor fibres to muscles of facial expression, stapedius muscle, taste fibres to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and parasympathetic to the lacrimal and salivary glands.
- Ipsilateral paralysis of muscle of facial expression
- Loss of lacrimation (dry eye)
- Some loss of taste
- Salivation impaired
- Hyperacusis
What are the likely symptoms of this lesion?
- Paralysis to the contralateral body due to loss of corticospinal tracts
- Loss of conscious proprioception and tactile somatosensory information to the contralateral body due to damage to the medial lemniscus
What artery aupplies the region which is lesioned?
Anterior spinal artery
Name the structures A-E
A: Dorsal horn
B: Dorsal rootlet
C: Dorsal root ganglion
D: Ventral rootlet
E: Central canal.
Name the structures A-E
A: Basilar artery
B: Fourth ventricle
C: Trigeminal nerve
D: Facial nerve
E: Vestibulocochlear nerve;
What does C supply?
Somatosensory information to the face and muscles of mastication
C: Trigeminal nerve
Name the terminal branches of A
Posterior cerebral arteries
Name the cranial nerves A and B
A: Oculomotor nerve
B: Optic tract
Name the spaces C, D and E
C: Interpeduncular cistern
D: Lateral ventricle
E: Superior cistern
What symptoms would result from a transection of A?
CNIII
- Ptosis (drooping eyelid)
- Restricted eye movements
- Outward deviation which causes diplopia
- Parasympathetic fibres supply the constrictor pupillae muscle and the ciliary muscle: dilated pupil and loss of accommodation
Name the gyrus/sulcus indicated by A-C
A: Precentral gyrus
B: Central sulcus
C: Postcentral gyrus
What would be the likely symptoms following a lesion located at the orange star
Anaesthesia in the region of the contralateral face
Name the cortical regions represented by A-C
A: Cingulate cortex/gyrus
B: Parietal operculum/secondary somatosensory cortex
C: Temporal operculum/auditory cortex
What type of information is processed in these three cortical regions?
A: Cigulate cortex/gyrus: Multisensory information
B: Parietal operculum/secondary: Somatosensory
C: Temporal operculum/auditory cortex: Auditory
What major symptom would occur following a bilateral lesion of the cortical region indicated by C?
Loss of hearing
C: Temporal operculum/auditory cortex
Name the gyrus/sulcus indicated by A-C
A: Cingulate cortex/gyrus
B: Parieto-occipital sulcus
C: Calcarine sulcus
What type of information is processed immediately superior and inferior to C?
Visual information
C: Calcarine sulcus
What symptoms would result fro a lesion located in the region of the orange star?
Loss of vision in the contralateral upper visual field
Name the regions indicated by A-D
A: Cingulate cortex
B: Insular cortex
C: Thalamus
D: Putamen
What type of informationis processed in B?
Viscero-sensory information (including taste)
B: Insular cortex
What symptoms would result from a lesion located in A?
Possible change in personality, loss of emotional lability.
Name the sinuses indicated by A, B and C
A: Straight sinus
B: Superior sagittal sinus
C: Inferior sagittal sinus
Name the structure indicated by D
What sinus lies immediately lateral to D?
D: Pituitary gland
Cavernous sinus lies on either side
Name the gyrii indicated by A-D
A: Precentral gyrus
B: Superior frontal gyrus
C: Middle frontal gyrus
D: Postcentral gyrus
Where do most of the output neurons in gyrus A terminate?
Ventral horn of the spinal cord
Which part of the body is represented by D?
Hand area
Name the structures indicated by A-J
A: Pons
B: Basilar artery
C: Temporal lobe
D: Insular cortex
F: Superior sagittal sinus
G: Cingulate cortex
H: Corpus callosum
I: Lateral ventricle
J: Third ventricle
Describe the function of F
Venous return
F: Superior sagittal sinus
Describe the function of D
Viscero-sensory
D: Insular cortex
Name the structures A-C
A: Transverse temporal gyrus
B: Head of caudate nucleus
C: Thalamus
Describe the function of A
Primary auditory cortex
A: Transverse temporal gyrus
Describe the function of C
Transfer and regulation of all sensory information (except smell) to the cortex
C: Thalamus
Name the fibre tract indicated by D
Corticospinal/corticobulbar tracts;
Name the general function of the area B
B: Auditory relay (Inferior colliculus)
