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Step II CS > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

How do you monitor Respiratory Function in Guillan-Barre?

A

Vital Capacity

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2
Q

Sx: Diffuse HA worse in AM, vision changes, AM N/V, CN deficits, imbalance, cushing reflex

A

Intracranial HTN (get MRI/CT)

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3
Q

Cushing Reflex

A

Bradycardia and HTN

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4
Q

What CN deficit do you see in Uncal Herniation?

A

CN III

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5
Q

Causes of Subdural hematoma

A

bridging vv tear 2/2 blunt trauma

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6
Q

Drug to give in SAH to prevent cerebral aa vasospasm

A

Nimodipine

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7
Q

Asymmetric Limb Weakness

A

ALS

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8
Q

ALS Tx

A

Riluzole

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9
Q

ALS EMG readings

A

widespread mm denervation and motor block

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10
Q

AE’s of aminoglycosides

A

Ototox and nephrotox

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11
Q

Tx of acute MS attack

A

Steroids

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12
Q

What does pronator drift test for?

A

UMN damage in upper extremities

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13
Q

What is the strongest RF for stroke?

A

HTN

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14
Q

What is the most common site of hypertensive hemorrhages in brain?

A

Putamen

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15
Q

With what condition in trigeminal neuralgia associated

A

MS

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16
Q

Sx: Parkinsonism, autonomic dysfcn, widespread neurological deficits

A

Shy drager syndrome (Multi-system atrophy)

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17
Q

Cherry red spots are seen in _____?

A

Tay sachs, neimann-pick, retinal aa occlusion

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18
Q

What is Todd’s Palsy?

A

Motor defect 15-24 h after seizure

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19
Q

Tx for essential tremor

A

Primidone

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20
Q

AE of primidone

A

Porphyria (GI, psych, neuro abnl)

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21
Q

Argyll-Roberston pupil

A

accomodates to near obj, but does not react to light

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22
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus (VERY CONTAGIOUS), URI/diarrheal illness too

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23
Q

What imaging to get in suspected stroke?

A

CT brain w/o contrast

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24
Q

Cerebral Salt wasting syndrome

A

hyponatremia 2/2 SIADH

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25
Q

Painless, sudden loss of vision. Flash. Floaters. Sometimes 2/2 trauma

A

retinal detachment

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26
Q

Disorders with lens subluxation/dislocation

A

Marfans, homocystinuria, Alport

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27
Q

Inflammation of lacrimal sac

A

dacroscleritis (strep/staph)

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28
Q

Shingles of ear/CNVIII involvement

A

Ramsay-hunt syndrome

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29
Q

Tx of ramsay hunt syndrome

A

antivirals, pain meds, steroids

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30
Q

Condition assoc w retinal hamartomas

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

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31
Q

Erythematous TM with vesicles

A

Bullous myringitis

32
Q

Causative organism of Bullous Myringitis

33
Q

Tx for bullous myringitis

A

oral macrolide

34
Q

Hemispatial neglect syndrome lesion

A

non dominant parietal lobe (also finger agnosia)

35
Q

LDopa/Carbidopa AE

A

Early: Hallucinations
Late: Involuntary movements (Michael J Fox)

36
Q

CT Scan Head

A

HypOdense: infarct
HypERdense: hemorrhage

37
Q

port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma (cerebral malformations and tumors). Tramline intracranial calcifications

A

Sturge Weber

38
Q

What drugs cause increased ICP?

A

Vit A analogues, tetracyclines, growth hormone

39
Q

What brain lesion can be caused by status epilepticus?

A

Cortical laminar necrosis (excitatory cytotoxicity)

40
Q

What is the most common site of Ulnar Nerve entrapment?

41
Q

Cushing ulcer onset/cause?

A

Acute. Increased ICP. Obvious nn impairment

42
Q

Ruptured berry aneurysm nn deficit?

A

SAH, typically doesn’t have focal nn deficits

43
Q

What medication slows MS progression?

44
Q

Most common site of lacunar infarct?

A

Internal capsule HTN is cause. Internal brain structures

45
Q

absence sz tx

A

Ethosuximide or VPA

46
Q

Autism CT

A

Increase total brain vol

47
Q

OCD CT

A

orbitalfrontal cortex and striatum

48
Q

Panic D/O CT

A

decrease amygdala vol

49
Q

PTSD CT

A

decrease hippocampus size

50
Q

Schizo CT

A

increased ventricle size

51
Q

Acute ataxia and delerium in malnourished and ETOH pts

A

Wernickies

52
Q

Bell’s Palsy lesion is on ? side

A

Ipsilateral

53
Q

Central cord syndrome

A

elderly, hyperext injury. Esp a car crash. Cortical spinal tracts injured

54
Q

Posterior cord dyndrome

A

Bilat loss of dorsal column

55
Q

Anterior cord syndrome

A

2/2 occlusion of vertebral AA or burst fracture. Bilat loss of motor fcn below lesion along with loss of pain and temp

56
Q

What CN carries sensory function to cornea

57
Q

Wallenberg

A

PICA occlusion/lateral medullary infarct. Loss of pain and temp and cerebellar signs

58
Q

Acute opiate w/d in ED tx?

A

Give methadone

59
Q

NPH broad based gait happens early in dementia dz

A

NPH broad based gait happens early in dementia dz

60
Q

Pseudotumor sequelae

A

Blindness!

61
Q

Met acidosis following tonic clonic sz tx

A

Usually goes away in 60-90 mins. Just observe

62
Q

Most important prognostic factor for astrocytoma?

A

anaplasia, not mets. mets are rare in astrocytoma

63
Q

Facial nn nucleus is in what part of bstem?

A

Pons. Most of CN nuclei from pons. CN III from midbrain tho

64
Q

myoclonic sz. in kids. worse w sleep deprivation. progress from absence sz at around age 10

A

juvenile mycolonc epilepsy

65
Q

Why can’t you give ergots and triptans within 24 h of each other?

A

may result in prolonged vasospasm due to high 5ht levels

66
Q

Cord Cavitation?

A

Syringomyelia

67
Q

Most common cause of viral meningitis?

A

Enteroviruses (like echo and coxsackie)

68
Q

Hemianestheia with severe dysesthesia. Where is the stroke?

A

Think thalamus. This is typical of thalamic stroke

69
Q

Fullness in ear assoc with vertigo?

A

Meniere’s. Abnl accumulation of endolymph in ear

70
Q

Craniopharyngiomas have a bimodal age distribution. What ages?

A

Children and 55-65

71
Q

Burst fracture of vertebrae (like jumping from tall building) can lead to what spinal cord problem?

A

Anterior Cord Syndrome

72
Q

What is the only drug indicated in ischemic stroke if tpa isn’t available?

A

ASA. can reduce risk of recurrent stroke.

73
Q

Sharp, triphasic, synchronous discharges on EEG?

A

Spongiform enceph

74
Q

aphasias are due to lesions in what part of the brain?

A

frontal lobe. dominant. mca distro

75
Q

How do you diagnose spinal narrowing/lumbar stenosis?

A

MRI - due to degenerative joint dz

76
Q

Hearing loss in elderly patients?

A

Presbycusis. Patients often have difficulty in crowded environments. high freq hearing loss

Step II CS (17 decks)

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