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Step II CS > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazide AE

A 
HyperLUGS
LDL
Uricemia 
Glucose
Sulf
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2
Q

Alpha 1 blox

A

good for BPH and HTN.

AE = OH and rebound HTN

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3
Q

which BBlox are mixed A and B?

A

carvedilol and labetalol

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4
Q

Tx of homocystinuria

A

B6 and B12. Assoc with risk of MI and hi LDL

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5
Q

Tx of MI

A 
MONAB
Morphine
O2
NG
ASA
BBlox. 
Also start statin (low INF)
Clopidogrel too
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6
Q

Dressler syndrom

A

2-4 weeks s/p MI/. AI pericarditis

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7
Q

Most common cause of death from MI

A

VFib, arrhythmia

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8
Q

WPW tx

A

Amiodarone, procainamide. NOT adenosine

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9
Q

Magic hour for AFib

A

48 h, can cardiovert if it’s before 48 h onset

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10
Q

Reasons for Acute AFib

A 
PIRATES
Pulm dz
Ischemia
Rheum dz
Anemia/atrial myxoma
Thyrotoxicosis
ETOH
Sepsis
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11
Q

Warfarin inhibits ____ first?

A

Ptn C/S. give hep concurrently until INR is Tx

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12
Q

S3 means what?

A

Dilated ventricles

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13
Q

EKG finding in cardiac tamponade?

A

Electrical alternans

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14
Q

BBlox that decrease mortality in CHF

A

Bisoprolol, XR metoprolol, carvedilol

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15
Q

What antihypertensive not to give in CHF?

A

CCB - decrease cardiac contractility. SADFACE

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16
Q

Nitroprusside tox

A

Cyanide tox

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17
Q

ACEI AE

A

Cough/angioedema (increase bradyK), azotemia (acute bump in Cr), hyperK, Teratogen (fetal renal dmg)

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18
Q

Drug induced lupus Abs

A

Anti histone Abs

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19
Q

Narrow QRS, HR > 100

A

SVT

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20
Q

No relation b/w p and qrs

A

3rd degree HB

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21
Q

3 p wave morphologies, rate > 100

A

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

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22
Q

rate <50

A

bradycardia

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23
Q

PR > 0.2 s

A

1st degree HB

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24
Q

Early, wide QRS w/o P

A

PVC

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25
Q

Wide QRS, HR 160-240

A

VTach

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26
Q

PR long, long, drop

A

2nd degree HB, Mobitz I, Wenckebach

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27
Q

Chaotic pattern, no P, no QRS

A

VFib

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28
Q

PR normal, occasional dropped beat

A

2nd degree HB, Mobitz II

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29
Q

Saw tooth

A

AFlutter

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30
Q

No P, narrow QRS, Irregularly irregular

A

AFib

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31
Q

Sinusoidal QRS

A

Torsades

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32
Q

Drug Induced Lupus Abs

A

Anti histone abs

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33
Q

Drug of choice in cardiogenic shock?

A

Dobutamine - B1

34
Q

Pressor of choice in septic shock?

A

NorE. Vasoconstricts without inotropic effect

35
Q

What kind of shock is shown by vasodilation and bradycardia?

A

Neurogenic

36
Q

Tx for WPW?

A

Amiodarone and or procainamine (NO ADENOSINE)

37
Q

Epistaxis, HA, LVH on EKG. (increased QRS voltage and ST/T changes)

A

Coarctation of the aorta

38
Q

Effects of NG/nitroprusside on ICP?

A

Increases. DO NOT GIVE WITH SAH OR ISCHEMIC STROKE

39
Q

Systolic-diastolic abd bruit?

A

Renal AA stenosis

40
Q

Biggest RF for AAA?

A

Atherosclerosis (HTN is dissection)

41
Q

Tylenol, NSAIDS and amiodarone can potentiate effects of what drug?

A

Warfarin

42
Q

Tx for stable vtach?

A

IV Amiodarone. Cardiovert only for unstable, pulseless, Sx vtach

43
Q

Extra heart sound associated with MI?

A

S4 because of stiff LV wall

44
Q

B Blox in acute heart failure?

A

May WORSEN! due to decreased LV fcn

45
Q

TC Atresia

A

Cyanotic congenital lesion. Left axis deviation, decreased pulm markings. hypoplasia of r ventricle and pulmonary outflow tract

46
Q

JVD, ascites after radiation therapy?

A

Constrictive Pericarditis. Decreased CO and decreased diastolic filling

47
Q

What is the strongest influence in long-term prognosis after STEMI?

A

Restoring coronary blood flow

48
Q

Cause of OH in the elderly?

A

Check drugs, but prolly just decreased response of baroceptors

49
Q

Water bottle shaped heart on CXR. Diminished heart sounds, difficult to locate PMI

A

Think pericardial effusion

50
Q

Situation syncope

A

LOC in elderly or middle aged male during urination. Or LOC with coughing fits. Some type of autonomic dysregulation

51
Q

Torsades - tx and some associations

A

Tx with mag. Familial long QT/anything that causes prolonged QT can lead to it (amiodarone, sotalol/both are class III antiarrhythmics). Hypo mag can lead to it too. Also TCA’s can as well

52
Q

Tx for ‘lone afib?’

A

None - check CHADS2, but if nothing else - dont need to treat

53
Q

CHADS2 score of 1 tx?

A

Clopidogrel > ASA

54
Q

CHADS2 >= 2 tx?

A

Oral anticoag with something like rivaroxiban

55
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

Seen in tamponade. large decrease in BP with inspiration. Can be thready pulses in distal extremities with inspire. Pericarditis will not give you this

56
Q

Treatment for stable Vtach?

A

IV Amiodarone

57
Q

How often to get fasting lipids in patients without RFs?

A

q 5 yrs

58
Q

diastolic decrescendo murmur @ left sternal border

A

Aortic Regurg

59
Q

Ovalo macrocytes, pmns with decreased segmentation. Macrocytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.

A

MDS, more common in patients over 65

60
Q

Findings of hyperK on EKG

A

peaked t, loss of P, widened qrs with sine pattern (in order of worsening severity)

61
Q

type of vasculitis with HSP?

A

IgA/leukocytoclastic

62
Q

Low back pain in elderly/smoking hx/pain not relieved by rest/activity?

A

have suspicion for AAA rupture

63
Q

confirmation of widened mediastinum on CXR?

A

use TEE or CT chest - aortic rupture

64
Q

changes post splenectomy in blood?

A

howell jolly bodies, increased PLT

65
Q

Milky blood?

A

HyperTGs - prolly a familial thing, esp if the kid is young. Treat with fibrates, which are best at lowering TGs

66
Q

Causes of pancreatitis

A

Gallstone, ETOH, Hi TGs

67
Q

Signs of heart failure many years after trauma? Brisk carotid upstroke, wide pulse pressure.

A

Think AV fistula formation at site of trauma. You get high output heart failure. This decreases systemic vascular resistance and increases cardiac preload.

68
Q

Reason for murmur in HCM? as in - what gets in the way?

A

Mitral valve anterior systolic motion - abnormal systolic motion

69
Q

most common place for abmnormal origin of beats in afib?

A

Think pulm veins, apparently

70
Q

Tx of RV infarct

A

avoid NG and give fluids

71
Q

Constrictive pericarditis in patients from india, africa, china?

A

Think TB

72
Q

Temporal arteritis/PMR is assoc with what other CV abnormality?

A

Aortic Aneurysm. Because arteritis can affect the branches of aorta too. Need serial chest xrays

73
Q

What drug should diabetics over 40 receive regardless of lipid levels?

A

Statins

74
Q

MOA of statin drugs?

A

Inhibition of intracellular HMG COA reductase. also messes with coenzyme Q10, which can lead to myopathy

75
Q

Nitrates decrease chest pain how?

A

Decreased preload, decreased LVEDV.

76
Q

pain associated w dvt vs pain associated w compartment syndrome?

A

dvt is vague pain. compartment is exquisite pain

77
Q

1 w to Months after MI. Persistent ST elevation with deep Q waves. Can have murmur at apex leading to axilla

A

Think ventricular aneurysm. Pap mm rupture is usually within the first few days. Dilation can also lead to mitral regurg

78
Q

treatment for symptomatic sinus bradycardia?

A

1) Atropine. If atropine doesn’t work, then 2) transcutaneous pacing

79
Q

How does hyperthyroid cause htn?

A

Hyperdynamic circulation

80
Q

QT prolong, deafness, fam hx of sudden death. Diagnosis? Tx?

A

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. It’s a Autosomal Recessive QT prolongation. Tx with bblox and pacemaker. can lead to torsades (like anything that prolongs qt)

81
Q

Fevers, finger tip pain, dark urine, swollen fingers. Possible dx?

A

Infective endocarditis - osler nodes (finger tip pain), glomerluonephritis, arthritis.

Step II CS (17 decks)

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