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Step II CS > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for lithium induced DI

A

Thiazides, amiloride

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2
Q

SIADH

A

Euvolemic hypoNa. Tx is fluid restrict and demeclocycline

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3
Q

EKG changes with hyperCa.

A

Short QT

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4
Q

EKG changes with hypoCa

A

Prolonged QT

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5
Q

Effect of hypermag on reflexes?

A

Decreased.

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6
Q

Make sure to correct MAG before correcting hypoK and hypoCa

A

Or else it wont fix

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7
Q

Tx for UTI

A

Bactrim, FQ, nitrofurantoin (NF is -static, so tx will need to be 7 days or so)

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8
Q

BhCG in men?

A

Choriocarcinoma

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9
Q

AFP is tumor marker for?

A

Yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumors. Also HCC

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10
Q

Type IV RTA

A

HYPERKALEMIA. Non AG met acidosis. Commonly seen in elderly, poorly controlled DM

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11
Q

Muddy brown casts

A

ATN

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12
Q

Rbc casts

A

Glomerulonophritis

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13
Q

WBC casts

A

Ain/pyelo

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14
Q

Fatty casts

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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15
Q

Broad and waxy casts

A

Chronic renal failure

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16
Q

Winters formula

A

Metabolic acidosis

Co2=1.5*hco3+8

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17
Q

Dietary recs for nephrolithiasis

A

Decrease protein and oxalate
Decease sodium
Increase fluids
Increase dietary calcium

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18
Q

First renal abnormality in diabetes nephropathy

A

Glomerular hyper filtration

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19
Q

Type of renal injury with chronic analgesic abuse?

A

Renal papillary necrosis - will get full rbc on UA

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20
Q

Overflow incontinence, characteristics and tx

A

Dribbling, low volume urine. Tx is with timed voiding, cholinergic AGONISTS - detrusor underactivity. Often due to DM

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21
Q

Pain relief with elevation of testes

A

Seen in epidydimitis. Not in torsion

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22
Q

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

FSGS - esp in african americans, HIV

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23
Q

Most common cause of abnormal hemostasis in chronic renal failure?

A

Impaired PLT fcn

24
Q

Acyclovir AE without adequate hydration?

A

crystalline nephropathy! gotta pump fluids

25
Q

Really bad htn, with bilateral nontender upper abdominal masses?

A

THink AKPD - get US

26
Q

Low urine followed with intermittent periods of hi volume urine. dx?

A

Obstructive uropathy

27
Q

Blood at start of urination. What GU injury?

A

Urethral

28
Q

Terminal hematuria. WHat GU injury?

A

prostate/bladder dz

29
Q

metabolic alkalosis, chloride resistant (UCl > 20 meq/day)

A

Think Barters, Gitelmans, licorice ingestion

30
Q

TReating for pyelo and it doesnt resolve in 2-3 d. what do you do?

A

Think abscess - get US

31
Q

Gross/painless hematuria in elderly. dx?

A

Bladder Ca

32
Q

Acyclovir AE?

A

It’s poorly soluble in urine. Crystalline nephropathy. can be prevented with adequate h2o

33
Q

Loops can precipitate prerenal failure, hypoK, met alk

A

Loops can precipitate prerenal failure, hypoK, met alk

34
Q

Hi eos in urine or blood. after angiography in patient with athero. dx?

A

cholesterol emboli

35
Q

Calcium oxalate crystals in asx patient?

A

Incidental finding. often normal urinary sediment. not a sign of stones

36
Q

In resp alk, how does the body compensate?

A

Kidneys, excrete bicarb in urine. Hi pH in urine

37
Q

Most common kidney stone?

A

Ca Oxalate

38
Q

When do we see Ca Phosphate stones?

A

RTA and primary hyperPTH

39
Q

why does nephrotic syndrome create a hypercoag state?

A

preferential loss of ATIII before anyhting else

40
Q

What virus is menbranous GN associate with?

A

HBV

41
Q

Renal vv thrombosis is seen more often in what renal dz?

A

Nephrotic syndromes (like menbranous) because preferential loss of ATIII

42
Q

Drugs that cause K to go INTO cells?

A

insulin, B ags

43
Q

drugs that can cause hyper K?

A

BBLOX, TMP, heparin

44
Q

Urinary retention in TCA use?

A

Prolly. one of the TCA AE is anti M

45
Q

palpable purpura, GN, arthralgias, HSM, periph neuropathy and low comp. Also HCV

A

think mixed essential cryoglobulinemia

46
Q

How does RTA present in infants?

A

Failure to thrive. (Non-anion gap met acid)

47
Q

CXR shows large anterior mediastinal mass, blood work shows elevated AFP and BhCG. MAle patient with cough and chest discomfort. dx?

A

nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). Can differentiate from seminomas because seminomas do NOT produce AFP. Only NSGCT does. ChorioCA RARELY occurs in men.

48
Q

In evaluation for BPH, what initial screening test do you get?

A

UA. look for uti, obstruction, or blood

49
Q

Patient has oliguria and acute renal failure, post op. What should you do?

A

Bladder cath.

50
Q

Pregnant, every elevated BP >160/110, signs of end organ damage

A

pre-E with severe features

51
Q

Most common cause of death in immunocomp patients.

A

CV disease.

52
Q

What nephrotic syndrome is most commonly assoc with Hogkins Lymphoma?

A

Minimal change disease. even in adults

53
Q

Acute rejection of transplant. Treatment?

A

IV steroids

54
Q

How do you protect the kidneys from contrast IV injury?

A

Lots of fluids, n-acetylcystine and or use a non-ionic contrast

55
Q

Low complement levels suggest which 4 glomerulonephritses?

A

Post strep, MPGN, lupus, mixed essential cryoglobinuria (which is assoc with HCV)

56
Q

How do BUN/Cr change in pregnancy?

A

Both decrease. Increased renal blood flow and GFR

Step II CS (17 decks)

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