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Medicine mnemonics > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

stroke risk factors

A

HEADS (stroke risk factors)

Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia
Elderly
Atrial fib
Diabetes mellitus/ Drugs (cocaine)
Smoking/ Sex (male)
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2
Q

stroke: young patient’s likely causes

A

7 C’s (stroke: young patient’s likely causes)

Cocaine
Consanguinity [familial such as neurofibromatosis and von Hippel-Lindau]
Cancer
Cardiogenic emboli
hyperCoagulation
CNS infection [eg: HIV conditions]
Congenital arterial lesion
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3
Q

investigations for stroke

A

4 P’s (investigations for stroke)

P Plasma: FBC, U&E, ESR, glucose, lipids
P Pump, i.e heart (ECG, echocardiogram)
P Pipes: carotid Doppler ultrasound
P Picture of brain: CT/MRI; detects ischaemia or haemorrhages

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4
Q

first aid response to stroke

A

FAST (first aid response to stroke)

F: FACE
• Uneven smile
• Facial droop/numbness
• Vision disturbance

A: ARM & LEG
• Weakness
• Numbness
• Difficulty walking

S: SPEECH
• Slurred
• Inappropriate words
• Mute

T: TIME

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5
Q

management for stroke

A

ABCDEFGHI (management for stroke)

A Advice – lifestyle changes e.g. stop smoking, reduce alcohol intake, lose
weight
B BP control
C Cholesterol control
D Diabetes control
E Elastic stockings (prophylaxis for DVT, PE)
F Fibrillation (anticoagulate, rate control and cardiovert as required)
G Guardian drugs (aspirin, ACE inhibitors, etc)
H Help from occupational therapy (OT), speech and language therapy (SALT)
and specialist stroke nurse
I Incontinence care and limit Immobility (pressure sores and contractures may
develop otherwise)

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6
Q

Meningitis aetiology - Bacterial

A

Meningitis aetiology - Bacterial
Mnemonic: NHS
N Neisseria meningitides (children and adults; meningococcus)
H Haemophilus influenzae (children)
S Streptococcus pneumoniae (adults and elderly)/(Streptococcus produces the Severest meningitis)/Viral

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7
Q

Meningitis aetiology - Viral

A

Meningitis aetiology - Viral
Mnemonic: V MECH
V VZV

M Mumps
E Enterovirus/EBV
C Coxsackie virus types A and B
H Haemophilus influenzae/HIV/HSV

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8
Q

Meningitis aetiology - Fungal

A

Meningitis aetiology - Fungal
Mnemonic: 2 Cʼs
C Cryptococcus (associated with HIV infection)
C Candida

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9
Q

Migraine features

A 
Migraine features
Mnemonic: EAT FUN  
E  	Episodic  
A  	Aura – zigzag lines  
T  	Throbbing headache  
F  	Family history/F(p)hoto-phobia  
U  	Unilateral  
N  	Nausea and vomiting
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10
Q

ICH scoring system

A

IGA says HI (ICH scoring system)

Intraventricular haemorrhage presence
GCS (5-12 = 1; 3-4 = 2)
Age ≥ 80

Haematoma volume ≥ 30 ml
Infratentorial origin of haemorrhage

All is 1 score except GCS (2)

Score	Mortality @ 30 d	Walk independently @ 12 mo
0	0	70
1	13	60
2	26	33
3	72	3
4	97	8
5	100	0
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11
Q

Distinguishing features of migraine headaches

A

POUND (distinguishing features of migraine headaches)

Pulsatile quality
Duration Of 4 to 72 hours
Unilateral location
Nausea or vomiting
Disabling intensity
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Medicine mnemonics (20 decks)

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