Infectious diseases

Question 1

Most common cause of gram-neg endocarditis wo IVDU

Answer 1

HACEK (most common cause of gram-neg endocarditis wo IVDU)

HACEK organism: this is one of a set of slow-growing Gram negative bacilli that form a normal part of human flora. They are most common cause of gram negative endocarditis among person who does not use IV drugs.

Haemophilus (H. parainfluenzae, H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus)
Actinobacillus (A. actinomycetemcomitans, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus)
Cardiobacterium hominis
Elkenella corrodens
Kingella (K. kingae)

Question 2

Gastroenteritis causes

Answer 2

Gastroenteritis causes
Mnemonic: LESS GERMS
L Listeria
E Escherichia coli
S Staphylococcus aureus
S Salmonella
G Giardia lamblia
E Entamoeba histolytica
R Rotavirus
M Mushrooms
S Shigella

Question 3

Malaria common early symptoms

Answer 3

Malaria common early symptoms
Mnemonic: Heard A Mosquito
H Headache
A Anorexia
M Myalgia/Malaise

Question 4

Malaria common later symptoms

Answer 4

Malaria common later symptoms
Mnemonic: Feel Rather Cold
F Fever (peaks every third day, i.e. tertian)
R Rigors
C Chills

Question 5

Clinical presentation leprosy

Answer 5

Clinical presentation leprosy
Mnemonic: LEProsy
L Loss of sensation in affected skin/Loss of function (paralysis)
E Enlargement of affected superficial nerves (tender too)
P Positive identification of M. leprae under microscope

Question 6

Groups at high risk of developing HIV

Answer 6

Groups at high risk of developing HIV
Mnemonic: HIV
H Homosexuals (note the rising incidence in Heterosexuals too)/Haemophiliacs
IV IV drug abusers