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NURS 1543 REVISION > Neurological System > Flashcards

Neurological System Flashcards

1
Q

what message to carried to the CNS and from the CNS

A
  • Sensory/afferent message is caried to the CNS
  • Motor/efferent message is carried from the CNS
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2
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the cerebrum. its a major control centre for governing thoughts, memories, voluntary movement.

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3
Q

what are the 4 lobes

A
  1. frontal (personality, behaviour, emotion, intellectual)
  2. parietal (sensation)
  3. temporal (hearing)
  4. occipital (vision)
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4
Q

what is the wernicke area

A

the wernicke area is for language comprehension. damage to this area causes receptive aphasia, the person can hear but can understand what is being said/has no meaning.
- in the temporal lobe

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5
Q

what is broca area

A

is for motor speech, damage to this area causes expressive aphasia where the person understand what is being said cant respond (only garbled noises).
- in the frontal lobe

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6
Q

the relay station for the nervous system?

A

Thalamus

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7
Q

what is another major control centre. Controls temperature, heart rate and blood pressure; regulate sleep, and coordinate emotional status.

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

structures of the midbrain

A
  • mid brain (is the most anterior part, it merges into the thalamus and hypothalamus.)
  • pons
  • medulla
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9
Q

The sensory pathway (reflexes and conscious sedation) has 2 routes, which are?

A
  1. Spinothalamic Tract. The spinothalamic tract contains sensory fibres that transmit the sensations of pain, temperature, and crude or light touch (i.e., touch not precisely localized).
  2. Posterior (Dorsal) Columns. These fibres conduct the sensations of position, vibration, and finely localized touch
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10
Q

Where is the upper motor neurons?

A

Its in the CNS

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11
Q

Where is the lower motor neurons?

A

Its in the PNS
- is the final common pathway because it funnels many neural signals and it provides the final direct contact with the muscles.

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12
Q

Types of reflex

A
  1. DEEP TENDON REFLEX (KNEE JERK)
  2. SUPERFICIAL REFLEX (CORNEAL REFLEX)
  3. VISCERAL REFLEX (PUPIL TO LIGHT)
  4. PATHOLOGICAL REFLEX (ABNORMAL)
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13
Q

The cranial neve 1 and 2 extend from:

A

cerebrum

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14
Q

The cranial neve 3 and 12 extend from:

A

the diencephalon and brain stem

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15
Q

They are ——- number of spinal nerve

A
  • 31 spinal nerve
    . 8 cervical
    . 12 thoracic
    . 5 lumber
    . 5 sacral
    . 1 coccygeal
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16
Q

what is a dermatome

A

is a circumsized skin layer that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve

17
Q

the vegus nerve goes to the?

A
  • heart
  • gallbladder
  • stomach
  • respiratory muscles
18
Q

8 dermatone landmark

A
  • The thumb, middle finger, and fifth finger are each in the dermatomes of C6, C7, & C8.
  • The axilla is at the level of T1.
  • The nipple is at the level of T4.
  • The umbilicus is at the level of T10.
  • The groin is in the region of L1.
  • The knee is at the level of L4.
19
Q

how to identify a stroke

A

f (face)
a (arms)
s (speech)
t (time)

20
Q

what is syncope

A

Syncope is a sudden loss of strength and a temporary loss of consciousness (fainting) caused by lack of cerebral blood flow, as occurs with low blood pressure.

21
Q

what is paresis

A

Paresis refers to weakness of voluntary movements or impaired movement.

22
Q

difficulty swallowing?

A

dysphagia

23
Q

difficulty speaking/forming words

A

dysarthria

24
Q

difficulty with language comprehension or expression?

A

Aphasia

25
Q

when do you perform a screening or complete neurological exam or a neurological recheck exam

A
  • Perform a screening neurological examination (items identified in the following sections) of seemingly healthy patients whose histories reveal no significant subjective findings.
  • Perform a complete neurological examination of patients who have neuro¬logical concerns (e.g., headache, weakness, loss of coordination) or who have shown signs of neurological dysfunction.
  • Perform a neurological recheck examination of patients with demonstrated neurological deficits who require periodic assessments (e.g., hospitalized patients or those in extended care), using the examination sequence beginning on
26
Q

sequence for the complete neurological examination?

A
  • mental health
  • cranial nerve
  • motor system
  • sensory system
  • reflexes
27
Q

sequence for a neurological recheck examination?

A
  • level of consciousness
  • motor function
  • pupillary response
  • vital signs
28
Q

List the 12 cranial nerve and their function

A

OOOTTAFAGVSH
1. olfactory: small
2. optic: vision
3. oculomotor: parasympatheic movement of the eyes
4. trochlear: downward and inward movement of the eyes
5. trigeminal: senation of pain, touch, corneal reflex
6. abducens: lateral movement of the eyes
7. facial: facial movement
8. acoustic: hearing and equilibrium
9. glossopharyngeal: gag reflex
10. vagus: gag reflex, voice quality, swallowing
11. spinal: trepezius and sternomastoid muscle
12. hypoglossal: movement of the tongue

29
Q

describe the romberg test

A
  • Ask the patient to stand up with feet together and arms at the sides
  • ask the patient to close the eyes and to hold the position
  • Wait approximately 20 seconds
30
Q

the absense of pain sensation

A

ANALGESIA

31
Q

what is Stereognosis (in assessing tactile discrimination)

A

the patient’s ability to recognize objects by feeling their forms, sizes, and weights, with the eyes closed

32
Q

Astereognosis?

A

(inability to identify ob¬jects correctly)

33
Q

Graphesthesia?

A

is the ability to read a number by having it traced on the skin with eyes closed

34
Q

describe the Glasgow Coma Scale

A
  • originally designed for patients with head trauma and has become the most widely used scoring system for patients with an altered level of consciousness in the critical care unit.
  • The scale is divided into three areas: (a) eye opening, (b) verbal response, and (c) motor response.
  • Limitations of the Glasgow Coma Scale include inconsistent
35
Q

describe the Canadian Neurological Scale

A
  • used to evaluate and monitor both mentation (level of consciousness, orientation, and speech) and motor function (face, arm, and leg) in patients with stroke
  • An advantage is that it is a short, simple assessment that does not need to be administered by a neurologist (12-15)

NURS 1543 REVISION (9 decks)

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