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Medical Block > Neurological Emergencies > Flashcards

Neurological Emergencies Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory nerves

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2
Q

Efferent

A

Motor nerves

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3
Q

Cerebral blood supply

A

From vertebral arteries (20%) and internal carotids (80%)

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4
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Complete circle around brain and pituitary gland

Safeguard if blockage in 1 artery

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5
Q

2 Cerebral blood supply factoids

A

20% of body’s blood to brain

25% of body’s glucose to brain

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6
Q

Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance, coordination and vision

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8
Q

Cerebrum

A

Language and memory, learning analysis

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9
Q

Cerebrum lobe

A

Frontal- personality
Parietal
Temporal- Speach
Occipital- Vision

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10
Q

RAS

A

Reticular activating system

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11
Q

Dorsal nerve root

A

Afferent

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12
Q

Ventral nerve root

A

Efferent

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13
Q

Broca

A

(expressive) Aphasia

speech is difficult to initiate, non-fluent, labored, and halting

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14
Q

Wernicke

A

(receptive) Aphasia

Speech is preserved, but language content is incorrect.

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15
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of function, or voluntary movement, typically one side of the body or another

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16
Q

Paresthesia

A

Abnormal sensation felt in body, usually in extremities, often referred to as numbness or tingling

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17
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one lateral half of the body

18
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Muscular weakness or partial paralysis to one side of the body

19
Q

Aphasia

A

Unable to speak

20
Q

Aphagia

A

Unable to swallow

21
Q

AEIOUTIPS

A 
A	Alcohol, Anoxia
E	Epilepsy – Seizure disorder
I	Insulin (hypoglycemia/ hyperglycemia)
O	overdose
U	uremia (renal failure)
T	trauma (head injury  and/or hypovolemia)
I	infection (CNS, septicemia, septic shock)
P	psych (psych meds can alter)
S	Stroke, CVA
22
Q

ALOC differential diagnosis in the field

A

Medical
Trauma
Psychiatric

23
Q

Structural coma

A

lesions CA, CVA, trauma

unilateral dysfunction, pupil changes

24
Q

Metabolic states

A

Toxic states, drugs, diabetes, hypoxia

bilateral dysfunction, pupils may be equal

25
Q

Medulla increased ICP

A

respiration Altered , pulse decrease, B/P widening PP (kushings triad)

26
Q

TIA

A

resolves w/in 24 hours

spasm or blockage leading to cell ischemia

27
Q

Stroke

A

3 hour IV TPA time limit

4 hour from onset of symptoms

28
Q

CVA

A

Thrombus or Embolus

29
Q

7 “D’s”

A 
DETECTION
DISPATCH
DELIVERY
DOOR (ER)
data
decision
drug, IV tpa
30
Q

LASS

A 
age >45
no Hx seizure
onset of symptoms in last 24hrs
Pt was ambulatory at baseline
Blood glucose 60-400
Unilateral asymmetry in 1
  -Facial droop
  -Grip weakness or absence
  -arm drift(pronation)
31
Q

Focal seizure

A

specific motor, sensory or psychomotor phenomena

32
Q

Jacksonian

A

clonic convulsive movements or abnormal sensations begining in one hand or foot and “marching” to major muscle group.

33
Q

Psychomotor

A

Complex partial
Temporal lobe seizures
Seizures characterized by 1-2 minute loss of contact with surroundings (transient ALOC)
Patient staggers or performs complex automatic behaviors, for example; climbing stairs.
May present a sudden unexplained fits of rage
Patient does not understand what is happening and may refuse aid due to confusion for 1 to 2 minutes after seizure
Can be triggered by loud noises or rapid light movement
Often preceded by specific auras (smell, taste or sound)

34
Q

Petite Mal

A

Absence Seizure- 10-30seconds

35
Q

Status epilepticus

A

2+ seizures

36
Q

Dystonia

A

Involuntary muscle contraction and distorted posture

37
Q

ptosis

A

eye droop

38
Q

Headaches are

A

Vascular

39
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

50K new cases annually

40
Q

GCS =

A

EVM/eyes, verbal, motor

4,5,6

41
Q

GCS Score

A

15

42
Q

Infarct, injury, ischemic part of the brain

A

Penumbra

Medical Block (20 decks)

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