Neurological Disorders - Medical

Question 1

Structural Lesion

Answer 1

Tumour, abscesses, pressure from bleeding

Question 2

Toxic metabolic states

Answer 2

Presence of circulating toxins or metabolites or lack of oxygen and glucose
Slower onset

Question 3

Metabolic coma

Answer 3

Anoxia, Hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis etc

Question 4

Cardiovascular System Coma

Answer 4

Hypertensive encephalopathy, shock, stroke

Question 5

Respiratory System Coma

Answer 5

Disruption of normal O2/CO2 delivery/excretion in toxic levels, toxic inhalation

Question 6

Cerebrovascular Accident

Answer 6

Sudden alteration in LOC/sensation/voluntary movement due to obstruction of artery in brain

Question 7

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 7

Occlusion of an artery, often in carotids
Can be from plaque buildup, embolis, thrombus, tumor

Question 8

S/S of CVA

Answer 8

Facial drooping, confusion, loss of balance, weakness in arm/legs, speech difficulty, blurred vision

Question 9

Hemiparesis/Hemipalegia

Answer 9

Weakness/paralysis on one side

Question 10

Aphasia

Answer 10

Loss of speech

Question 11

Dysarthria

Answer 11

Slurred speech

Question 12

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 12

Bleeding in cranial vault

Question 13

TIA

Answer 13

Temporary reduction in blood flow, focal cerebral dysfunction, no permanent damage

Question 14

S/S of TIA

Answer 14

Related to location of ischemia, weakness, paralysis, face numbness

Question 15

Indicators to transport to designated stroke centre

Answer 15

At least ONE of unilateral arm/leg weakness, slurred speech or inappropriate words, facial droop AND
Can be transported within 6 hours of clearly determined time of symptom onset

Question 16

what is a seizure

Answer 16

Temporary alteration in consciousness or behaviour causes by neurons firing uncontrollable

Question 17

Types of seizures

Answer 17

Generalized - entire
Partial - known focus

Question 18

Generalized - Petit Mal

Answer 18

Absence seizure, lapse of consciousness usually stare off, maybe isolated clonic activity usually in 4-12 year olds

Question 19

Grand Mal Tonic clonic

Answer 19

Tonic and clonic phases that may be preceded by an aura

Question 20

Tonic phase

Answer 20

Short phase where every thing tenses, tongue biting, air is pushed out of lungs

Question 21

Clonic phase

Answer 21

Jerking of muscles, confusions, ANS discharge

Question 22

Postictal phase

Answer 22

Drowsiness, confusion fatigue following seizure

Question 23

Status epilepticus

Answer 23

Prolonged seizures, reoccurring before consciousness is regained

Question 24

Partial simple seizure

Answer 24

Seizure limited to one focal area, no loss of consciousness. If sensory can be tingling, numbness, visual

Question 25

Jacksonian seizure

Answer 25

Seizure activity involving a brief alteration in movement, sensation or nerve function E.g twitching, lip smacking

Question 26

Complex partial seizure

Answer 26

Manifests as changes in behaviour, automatisms, and periods of amnesia Most common in adults with epilepsy

Question 27

Brain Neoplasms

Answer 27

A tumor, can be malignant or benign, location of it will determine symptoms

Question 28

Brain Abscess

Answer 28

Purulent material (pus) surrounded by a capsule which is developed from a bacterial infection

Question 29

Meningitis

Answer 29

Infections, usually bacterial of the meninges, can result from trauma or surgery

Question 30

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 30

Slow progressive degeneration of muscle fibres, life expectancy 12 years, usually die from heart failure

Question 31

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 31

Patches of Myelin in the brain are destroyed, causes issue in nerve conduction and message impulses

Question 32

Dystonia

Answer 32

Local or diffuse alteration in muscle tone

Question 33

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 33

Degeneration or damage to nerve cells in the basal ganglia (voluntary motor movements) of the brain. Result tense muscles, tumours, joint rigidity

Question 34

Bells Palsy

Answer 34

Paralysis/weakness of the facial muscles, lower and upper face paralysis

Question 35

BLS what other conditions should you consider that may mimic a stroke

Answer 35

Drug ingestions, hypoglycaemia, severe HTN, CNS infection

Question 36

BLS perform a secondary survey on a CVA pt

Answer 36

Facial symmetry, pupil size, abnormal speech, stiff neck, abnormal motor function, drift, sensory loss, incontinence,

Question 37

BLS possible problems to prepare for during a CVA

Answer 37

Airway obstruction, decreasing LOC, seizure, agitation

Question 38

BLS during a seizure in general consider (7)

Answer 38

Intracranial event, hypoglycaemia, eclampsia, febrile convulsions, infection, drugs, known seizure disorder

Question 39

BLS during a seizure in age greater than 50 (5)

Answer 39

Brain tumor, dysrhythmia, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, severe HTN

Question 40

BLS observe for in seizure (4)

Answer 40

Eye Deviation, incontinence, parts of body affected, type of seizure

Question 41

BLS in a seizure secondary survey (4)

Answer 41

Bleeding from mouth, incontinence, secondary injuries, tongue injury