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EMRG 1230 > Neurological Disorders - Medical > Flashcards

Neurological Disorders - Medical Flashcards

1
Q

Structural Lesion

A

Tumour, abscesses, pressure from bleeding

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2
Q

Toxic metabolic states

A

Presence of circulating toxins or metabolites or lack of oxygen and glucose
Slower onset

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3
Q

Metabolic coma

A

Anoxia, Hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis etc

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4
Q

Cardiovascular System Coma

A

Hypertensive encephalopathy, shock, stroke

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5
Q

Respiratory System Coma

A

Disruption of normal O2/CO2 delivery/excretion in toxic levels, toxic inhalation

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6
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident

A

Sudden alteration in LOC/sensation/voluntary movement due to obstruction of artery in brain

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7
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

Occlusion of an artery, often in carotids
Can be from plaque buildup, embolis, thrombus, tumor

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8
Q

S/S of CVA

A

Facial drooping, confusion, loss of balance, weakness in arm/legs, speech difficulty, blurred vision

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9
Q

Hemiparesis/Hemipalegia

A

Weakness/paralysis on one side

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10
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of speech

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11
Q

Dysarthria

A

Slurred speech

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12
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

Bleeding in cranial vault

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13
Q

TIA

A

Temporary reduction in blood flow, focal cerebral dysfunction, no permanent damage

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14
Q

S/S of TIA

A

Related to location of ischemia, weakness, paralysis, face numbness

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15
Q

Indicators to transport to designated stroke centre

A

At least ONE of unilateral arm/leg weakness, slurred speech or inappropriate words, facial droop AND
Can be transported within 6 hours of clearly determined time of symptom onset

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16
Q

what is a seizure

A

Temporary alteration in consciousness or behaviour causes by neurons firing uncontrollable

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17
Q

Types of seizures

A

Generalized - entire
Partial - known focus

18
Q

Generalized - Petit Mal

A

Absence seizure, lapse of consciousness usually stare off, maybe isolated clonic activity usually in 4-12 year olds

19
Q

Grand Mal Tonic clonic

A

Tonic and clonic phases that may be preceded by an aura

20
Q

Tonic phase

A

Short phase where every thing tenses, tongue biting, air is pushed out of lungs

21
Q

Clonic phase

A

Jerking of muscles, confusions, ANS discharge

22
Q

Postictal phase

A

Drowsiness, confusion fatigue following seizure

23
Q

Status epilepticus

A

Prolonged seizures, reoccurring before consciousness is regained

24
Q

Partial simple seizure

A

Seizure limited to one focal area, no loss of consciousness. If sensory can be tingling, numbness, visual

25
Q

Jacksonian seizure

A

Seizure activity involving a brief alteration in movement, sensation or nerve function
E.g twitching, lip smacking

26
Q

Complex partial seizure

A

Manifests as changes in behaviour, automatisms, and periods of amnesia
Most common in adults with epilepsy

27
Q

Brain Neoplasms

A

A tumor, can be malignant or benign, location of it will determine symptoms

28
Q

Brain Abscess

A

Purulent material (pus) surrounded by a capsule which is developed from a bacterial infection

29
Q

Meningitis

A

Infections, usually bacterial of the meninges, can result from trauma or surgery

30
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Slow progressive degeneration of muscle fibres, life expectancy 12 years, usually die from heart failure

31
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Patches of Myelin in the brain are destroyed, causes issue in nerve conduction and message impulses

32
Q

Dystonia

A

Local or diffuse alteration in muscle tone

33
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Degeneration or damage to nerve cells in the basal ganglia (voluntary motor movements) of the brain.
Result tense muscles, tumours, joint rigidity

34
Q

Bells Palsy

A

Paralysis/weakness of the facial muscles, lower and upper face paralysis

35
Q

BLS what other conditions should you consider that may mimic a stroke

A

Drug ingestions, hypoglycaemia, severe HTN, CNS infection

36
Q

BLS perform a secondary survey on a CVA pt

A

Facial symmetry, pupil size, abnormal speech, stiff neck, abnormal motor function, drift, sensory loss, incontinence,

37
Q

BLS possible problems to prepare for during a CVA

A

Airway obstruction, decreasing LOC, seizure, agitation

38
Q

BLS during a seizure in general consider (7)

A

Intracranial event, hypoglycaemia, eclampsia, febrile convulsions, infection, drugs, known seizure disorder

39
Q

BLS during a seizure in age greater than 50 (5)

A

Brain tumor, dysrhythmia, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, severe HTN

40
Q

BLS observe for in seizure (4)

A

Eye Deviation, incontinence, parts of body affected, type of seizure

41
Q

BLS in a seizure secondary survey (4)

A

Bleeding from mouth, incontinence, secondary injuries, tongue injury

EMRG 1230 (15 decks)

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