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EMRG 1230 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The brain

A

Communication and control centre of the body, it receives, processes and evaluates many kinds of input, decides on response needed and acts

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2
Q

Involuntary activity

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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3
Q

Voluntary activity

A

Somatic Nervous System

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4
Q

What is the brain protected by

A

The skull, meninges and CSF

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5
Q

What is the meninges made up of

A

DAP
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

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6
Q

The cerebral spinal fluid

A

Provides a cushion for brain and spinal cord.
Formed in ventricles, circulates around brain and returns to venous blood
Important to maintain normal pressures

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7
Q

What are the arachnoid villi

A

Small protrusions through the dura mater, they allow CSF to exit sub-arachnoid space and enter the blood stream

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8
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Protective mechanism provided by relatively impermeable capillaries

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9
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

Largest portion of the brain, separate by a fissure

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10
Q

How is each hemisphere divided

A

4 major lobes
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
Each has specific function and is responsible for OPPOSITE SIDE of the body

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11
Q

Sensory and association areas

A

These areas are responsible for recognizing and then interpreting the received data

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12
Q

Dominate hemisphere

A

It controls language, commonly the left

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13
Q

Broca’s area

A

Motor or expressive speech area, controls the output of words and ensures they are coordinated in an appropriate and understandable way

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14
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Integration centre that comprehends language received

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15
Q

Example of impaired broca area

A

A stroke victim may be able to make sounds but not functional sentences

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16
Q

Example of impaired Wernicke’s area

A

You ask what colour the wall is and they reply with bookstore

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17
Q

Limbic system

A

Responsible for emotion reactions and feelings, linked to hypothalamus - responsible to autonomic emoticons responses (nausea)

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18
Q

Diencephalon

A

Contains thalamus and hypothalamus

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19
Q

the thalamus

A

Main nerve bodies that serve as a sorting and relay stations for incoming sensory impulses

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20
Q

The hypothalamus

A

Key role in maintaining homeostasis, regulation of body temperature, intake of food, sleep cycle, libido

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21
Q

Brain stem

A

Connects brain to spinal cord contains pons, medulla oblongata, RAS

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22
Q

What are pons

A

Contains afferent and efferent fibres

23
Q

What is the medulla oblongata

A

Vital control centre that regulates respiratory and cardiovascular functions

24
Q

What is the RAS

A

Reticular Activating System, determines the degree or arousal or awareness of the cerebral cortex
- decides which of incoming sensory impulses the brain ignores and notices

25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Responsible to coordinate movement and maintain posture and equilibrium

26
Q

Blood supply to brain

A

Supplied by internal carotid and vertebral arteries which are branches of the carotid and subclavian
Venous blood then collects in dural sinuses and drains into left jugular veins

27
Q

What does anastomosis mean

A

Different branches that supply the same area with blood

28
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Inside the brain and ensures blood flow remains unimpeded in case any supplies are damaged

29
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs, originate from brain stem to skull

30
Q

Mnemonic for the cranial nerves

A

Ooh, Ooh, Ooh to touch and feel very good velvet. Such Heavenly

31
Q

Mnemonic for what the nerves do

A

Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more

32
Q

Parts of cervical spine

A

C1-C7

33
Q

Parts of thoracic spine

A

T1-T12

34
Q

Parts of Lumbar spine

A

L1-L5

35
Q

Parts of sacral spine

A

S1-S5

36
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs in spinal column, carry motor and sensory fibres to and from organs and tissues, innervate at skin level called DERMATOMES

37
Q

What is a neuron

A

Highly specialized cells that conduct impulses through CNS and PNS

38
Q

How are impulses transmitted

A

Cell to cell via chemical neurotransmitters

39
Q

Types of neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)
Norepi/epi
Dopamine
Serotonin

40
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Present at neuromuscular junction and in the Autonomic Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

41
Q

Norepi/Epi

A

Neurotransmitter in the SNS
- causes vasoconstriction and increases in HR
- stimulates alpha and beta receptors

42
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involuntary control, incorporates the SNS and PNS
- typically have antagonistic effects to maintain homeostasis

43
Q

SNS of Autonomic nervous system

A

increases the level of activity including cardio, respiratory and neurological functions
Releases Ach, EPi

44
Q

PNS of autonomic nervous system

A

Dominates digestive system and aids in recovery after sympathetic stimulation
Slows, largely innervated by vagus nerve

45
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Stretches to nearly every part of body, carry out commands from brain to your muscles so you can move

46
Q

What do all neurons have

A

Dendrite, cell body, axon and myelin sheath

47
Q

Dendrite

A

Receptor site, conducts impulses towards the cell body

48
Q

Cell body

A

Contains the nucleus

49
Q

Axon

A

Conductions impulses away towards effector site or connection neuron

50
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Thinking, emotions, personality, self control, muscle movements

51
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision, visual processing

52
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing, processing information from all 5 senses, storing memories, understanding language

53
Q

Parietal

A

Processing sensory (cold, hot, pain), coordination with visual and auditory

EMRG 1230 (15 decks)

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