Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Neurological Disorders > Flashcards

Neurological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

most important tool diagnostically in neuro

A

history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common HA in kids

A

migraine and tension-type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CT or MRI scan is very necessary and appropriate for eval of a headache

A

FALSE. Unless concern about sub-arachnoid, subdural hematoma or concern about increased IC pressure or hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HA red flags

A 
fails to respond to therapy
focal neurologic findings
progressive frequency/severity
worsens with valsalva
awakens from sleep
worse in am/morning vomiting 
at risk hx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HA brought on by fatigue or stress. Constant, aching, constricting band around the head

A

tension type HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pain is bilateral and diffuse, dull and aching,

often present upon awakening, not associated with nausea, vomiting, neurologic problems

A

chronic tension HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

treat tension type HA

A

difficult, sometimes antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pain is severe, pulsatile (pounding), unilateral, can be bilateral, frontal or temporal regions, retro orbital or cheek

A

migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

may be the only symptom of migraine in younger children

A

vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HA associated with N/V photophobia, phonophobia, vertigo, fatigue, mood alteration

A

migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when should you do studies on a child’s migraine

A

if they have focal neurologic signs, HA worse on awakening , or awakens pt , or with a cough or bending over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diagnosis of migraine

A

history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HA that is recurrent with acute onset that often resolves only after sleep

A

migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

treat a migraine

A

Ibuprofen or acetaminophen early in the attack
Caffiene, caffiene+ergot
Triptans (sumatriptan, rizatriptan, etc.) and DHE (dihydroergotamine)
Rest and quiet
Avoid narcotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prevent a migraine

A

Tricyclic antidepressants
Beta Blockers ie propranolol
Calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Predominantly male
Unusual in children under 10
Unilateral, severe pain

A

cluster HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A sudden, transient disturbance of brain function manifested by involuntary motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic phenomena

A

seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 or more seizures not provoked by particular event or cause

A

epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a benign condition of childhood with unilateral focal seizures and speech abnormalities, often hereditary

A

Rolandic epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pain is severe, pulsatile (pounding), unilateral, can be bilateral, frontal or temporal regions, retro orbital or cheek

A

migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

generalized seizures

A 
Absence (petit mal)
Generalized tonic clonic (grand mal)
Tonic
Clonic
Atonic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

partial seizures

A 
Simple partial (focal) 
Complex partial (psycho-motor)
Benign rolandic epilepsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Onset of seizure begins in one area of one cerebral hemisphere (apparent clinically or via the EEG)

A

partial/focal epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

complex focal means

A

LOC (starting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

this type of seizure makes up 40-60% of childhood seizures

A

partial/focal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Seizures arise from both hemispheres, simultaneously

A

generalized seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

these seizures are frequently associated with underlying structural brain disease and are difficult to treat and classify

A

myotonic, tonic, atonic, atypical absence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

infantile spasms aka

A

west syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

these are clinical spasms that occur in clusters when drowsy. Severely abnormal EEG. Related to a brain insult at birth, malformation, tuberous sclerosis, or metabolic origin

A

infantile spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Strange posturing, back arching, writhing
Alternating L and R limb shaking during same seizure
Psychosocial stressor

A

pseudoseizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Seizures can happen when awake (twitching and tingling on one side of the body) or when asleep (grand mal)

A

Benign Rolandic epilepsy

benign focal epilepsy of childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

treat benign rolandic epilepsy

A

avoid sleep deprivation
carbamazapine
oxcarbazepine
time (outgrown)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

30 minutes or more of continuous seizures or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness

A

status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

treat status epilepticus

A

ABCs, IV lorazepam (valium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

You think a kid has BRE, so you order a CT or MRI. Good or bad?

A

Bad, dont need one for BRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

this type of febrile seizure: one side of body shakes, stares, prolonged (over 15 min), multiple in 24 hours

A

complex seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cannot make diagnosis of epilepsy

Most useful for classifying types and guiding therapy

A

EEG

38
Q

treat febrile seizures

A

usually none
rectal diazepam if prolonged
PB or VA can prevent (consider SEs)
fever management prop doesnt work

39
Q

this type of febrile seizure is most common

A

simple- whole body shakes, brief (less than 20 min), only 1 in the course of illness

40
Q

this type of febrile seizure is more likely to progress to epilepsy

A

complex

41
Q

spells that mimic seizures

A 
migraine variants
breathholding spells (tantrums- breath holding on exhalation)
syncope
pseudoseizures
42
Q

Strange posturing, back arching, writhing
Alternating L and R limb shaking during same seizure
Psychosocial stressor

A

pseudoseizures

43
Q

Transient LOC and postural tone due to cerebral ischemia or anoxia

A

syncope

44
Q

most common cause of childhood stroke

A

cyanotic heart disease
sickle cell anemia
meningitis
hypercoagulable states

45
Q

Neurally mediated
Transient hypotension from vasodilation and/or decreased heart rate
Arousal 1-2 min up to 1h

A

vasovagal or neurocardiogenic syncope

46
Q

most common type of syncope

A

vasovagal or neurocardiogenic syncope

47
Q

syncope that may have cardiac symptoms (angina, palpitations)
Often occurs during exercise

A

cardiac

48
Q

causes of increased ICP

A

cerebral edema

mass lesion

49
Q

infant comes in with bulging fontanelle
Increasing head circumference, separating sutures
Lethary, vomiting, FTT, “setting-sun sign”

A

increased ICP

50
Q

kid comes in with headaches, diplopia/Strabismus, papilledema, herniation syndromes

A

increased ICP

51
Q

supretentorial HA location

A

eye, forehead, temple

52
Q

intratentorial HA location

A

occiput, neck

53
Q

smooth brain

A

lissencephaly (a migrational disorder)

54
Q

Increased intracranial pressure without identifiable mass or hydrocephalus
Obese teenage girl is typical phenotype

A

pseudotumor cerebri

55
Q

what is essential to diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri

A

LP- elevated opening pressure

56
Q

most common cause of childhood stroke

A

cyanotic heart disease
sickle cell anemia
meningitis
hypercoagulable states

57
Q

kid comes in with hemiplegia, unilateral weakness, seizures. what do you think

A

stroke

58
Q

Brief loss of consciousness or stunned for minutes to hours
No localizing neurologic signs
Amnesia is common and transient

A

head injury-concussion

59
Q

diagnosis of concussion

A

head CT

60
Q

child complains of headache, dizziness, forgetfulness, inability to concentrate, slowing of response time, mood swings, irritability

A

post concussive syndrome

61
Q

Often identified on US, likely have elevated alpha fetoprotein on prenatal screen

A

MMC

62
Q

displaced cerebellum through foramen magnum into spinal canal – posterior laminectomy. Progressive ataxia or vertigo

A

Arnold Chiari I

63
Q

displaced cerebellum plus meningomyelocele – surgical repair and shunt

A

Arnold Chiari II

64
Q

occipital encephalocele – surgical repair

Hydrocephalus common

A

Arnold Chiari III

65
Q

smooth brain

A

lissencephaly (a migrational disorder)

66
Q

most common migrational disorder

A

lissencephaly

67
Q

disorder of anterior horn cells

A

SMA

poliomyelitis

68
Q

disorder of the nerve itself

A

Guillian Bare

bell palsy

69
Q

Autosomal Dominant

Café au lait spots - >6 of 5mm prepubertal pt

A

neurofibromatosis

70
Q

disorder of the muscle itself

A

muscular dystrophy

myotonic dystrophy

71
Q

how can you eval tuberous sclerosis

A

woods lamp

72
Q

Unilateral port wine stain over upper face (follows CN V). Associated with seizures

A

Sturge Weber

73
Q

Impairment of coordination and balance of voluntary movement

Cerebellar problem

A

ataxia

74
Q

most common cause of ataxia in children

A

post-infectious (2nd drug intoxication)

75
Q

hereditary ataxia

A

Friedreich

76
Q

Sudden onset of ataxia,staggering, frequent falls
Nystagmus, vomiting, irritaility, lethargy possible
Sensory and reflexes preserved (motor abnormal)
No evidence increased ICP. Recently had a viral prodromal illness

A

post infectious acute cerebellar ataxia

77
Q

prognosis post infectious acute cerebellar ataxia

A

90% recover in 1-4 weeks

78
Q

while kid tries to get up… uses hands to walk up legs

A

Gower sign

79
Q

disorder of anterior horn cells

A

SMA

80
Q

disorder of the nerve itself

A

Guillian Bare

81
Q

disorder of the NMJ

A

Myasthenia gravis

82
Q

disorder of the muscle itself

A

muscular dystrophy

myotonic dystrophy

83
Q

Present with muscle weakness, which may manifest with floppiness, delayed motor milestones, unsteady gait or muscle fatiguability

A

NM disorders

84
Q

spinal muscular atrophy: (AR)
progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles;
Normal mental, language and social skills (SAD)
Eventual respiratory failure and death

A

Anterior horn cell disorders

85
Q

progression associated with bulbar palsy and respiratory depression

A

peripheral nerve disorders

86
Q

kid >10 years old, ophthalmoplegia and ptosis, loss of facial expression and difficulty chewing

A

juvenile myasthenia

87
Q 
X-Linked recessive
Onset at 2-6 yrs
Proximal muscles affected before distal
Waddling gait, difficulty with stairs
pseudohypertrophic calf 
Gower Sign – pelvic weakness
A

Duchenne MD

88
Q

this MD has 75% mortality by age 20

A

DMD

89
Q

this MD comes about later and is less severe. Death occurs usually in adulthood

A

Becker MD

90
Q

specific lab for MD

A

elevated CPK (prescribe steroids)

91
Q

most common type of cerebral palsy

A

spastic

92
Q

MOTOR problem. Non-progressive and originated before or at or near birth. Ataxia, choreoathetosis, and can have seizures

A

cerebral palsy

Pediatrics (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions