Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

sx w/out pathologic correlation

A

FUNCTIONAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sx caused by a distinct pathological entity

A

ORGANIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most common sources of acute abdomen in young children

A

Malrotation, intussusception, incarcerated hernia, congenital anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most common sources of acute abdomen in older children

A

appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chronic abdominal pain in children

A

FUNCTIONAL 70-90% of the time- constipation, IBS

ORGANIC 10-30%- gastritis/ulcer, lactose intolerance, parasites, gall bladder disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

treat functional abdominal pain

A

reassurance and explanation of functional pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Often have diarrhea as infants, then constipation as older children
Abdominal pain in early school years
Often stress-associated, risk of school avoidance
Rarely, if ever, awakens at night

A

IBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common cause of vomiting in childhood

A 
viral gastroenteritis
(obstructions, acute or chronic inflam of the gi tract, CNS inflam, metabolic derangements)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

projectile vomiting means…

A

high obstruction, ie pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bilious vomiting means…

A

OBSTRUCTION
Beyond ampulla of vater … duodenal, jejunal, ileal, colonic
** Malrotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bloody vomiting means…

A

Mallory Weis tear (less common in peds)
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

neonatal vomiting common causes

A 
OBSTRUCTION
Duodenal atresia and stenosis
Malrotation / volvulus
Pyloric stenosis- forceful, nonbilious
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Sepsis
Metabolic disorders / Inborn errors of metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chronic vomiting in older children may mean

A

CNS (vomiting 1st thing in the morning associated w HA, no nausea, no abd pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute diarrhea in children- common cause

A

INFECTIOUS

viral- ROTAVIRUS, enterovirus, norovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

management of acute diarrhea in children

A

supportivefluids, Na, K
Oral rehydration, starvation prolongs diarrhea
Avoiding lactose is helpful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

should you give antidiarrheal meds?

A

NO. ineffective, possible can cause worsening illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bacterial diarrhea causes

A

Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, Yersinia, C diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bacterial diarrhea presentation

A

blood in stool, foreign travel, high fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Functional causes of chronic diarrhea

A

IBS, toddler’s diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

organic causes of chronic diarrhea

A 
Food allergies
Malnutrition / Malabsorption syndromes 
Impaction
Inflammatory bowel disease
Hirschsprung’s disease
Immune deficiency syndromes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

presentation functional chronic diarrhea

A

healthy appearing, 5-8 stools per day for an infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

presentation organic chronic diarrhea

A

weight loss, growth failure, ill-appearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

treatment of pseudomembranous colitis

A

oral metronidazole or vanco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

most common causes of abx related c diff

A

clindamycin, cephalosporins, ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2nd most common cause of referrals to peds GI

A

constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

chronic constipation

A 
2 or more for at least 2 months:
< 3 BM/Wk  
> 1 episode of encoporesis/wk 
impaction of rectum with stool  
stool that plugs toilet  
retentive posturing and fecal withholding 
pain with defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

most common childhood constipation is…

A

FUNCTIONAL (withholding or IBS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Organic causes of constipation

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Absence of Meissner and Auerbach plexi

Sympathetic hyperactivity leading to tonic contraction (doesn’t relax)

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Chronic constipation with dilatation of rectal ampulla and fecal soiling

A

encoporesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

treat encoporesis

A

Requires stool evacuation followed by chronic management to avoid reaccumulation of stool.
Stool softeners are important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

treatment of diarrhea

A

Lifestyle: diet, behavioral modifications, biofeedback?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Signs that would suggest organic constipation

A

No passage of meconium within 2 days of birth
Hard, infrequent stooling since birth, especially if breast fed
Poor growth/ development
Distended abdomen
Abnormally placed anus, commonly anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Medical treatment for constipation

A

laxatives, usually osmotic (PEG 3350 common. Also can use lactuolose, magnesium hydroxide, mag citrate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Most common source of significant GI bleed in kids

A

Peptic ulcer disease
Meckel’s diverticulum
Colitis
Intussusception

36
Q

a true congenital diverticulum… a slight bulge in the small intestine present at birth

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

37
Q

minor GI bleeding in kids causes

A

Anal fissures
Mallory-Weiss tear
Swallowed nasopharyngeal blood

38
Q

rectal bleeding in infants common causes

A

colitis, anal fissure, milk protein allergy

39
Q

rectal bleeding in older children common causes

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Meckel’s diverticulum

40
Q

causes of functional obstruction

A

disordered peristalsis, paralytic ileus, septic ileus, dysmotility

41
Q

causes of mechanical obstruction

A

narrowing of the lumen, malrotation, intraluminal obstruction, meconium plug/CF

42
Q

nonbilious vomiting

A

proximal to the ampulla of Vater

43
Q

bilious vomiting

A

distal to the ampulla of Vater

44
Q

infant has not passed stool in 24 hours. what do you think?

A

Hirschsprungs

45
Q

Maternal hx polyhydramnios, what do you think about baby?

A

high obstruction

esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia

46
Q

increased BS

A

obstruction

gastroienteritis

47
Q

decreased BS

A

ileus, obstruction, ischemia

48
Q

surgery pyloric stenosis

A

myotomy

49
Q

surgery imperforate anus/Hirschsprungs

A

temporary colostomy

50
Q

surgery intestinal atresias/webs

A

primary anastomosis

51
Q

surgery malrotations/adhesions

A

lysis of adhesions and resection of nonviable intestine

52
Q

surgery meconium ileus

A

theraputic enema

53
Q

complications of pathologic reflux (GERD)

A

pain, which causes behaviors (crying, arching)
growth failure (FTT)
pulmonary complications (asp pneumo, asthma, apnea)
esophagitis

54
Q

medical therapy GERD

A

H2, PPI

55
Q

very severe GERD, meds don’t work, what can you do

A

surgical procedures: Nissen fundoplication

56
Q

kid has copious oral secretions, choking aspiration, and you are unable to pass an NG tube. What do you think>

A

esophageal atresia

tracheoesophageal fistula

57
Q

EA and TF associated with what

A

VACTERL

58
Q

neonate took oral erythromycin and now comes in with projectile, nonbilious vomiting, constipation, dehydration, and weight loss

A

pyloric stenosis

59
Q

gold standard diagnostic pyloric stenosis

A

US

60
Q

most accurate test for PUD

A

endoscopy

61
Q

kid comes in, abd pain several hours after meals that awakens him at night

A

PUD

62
Q

treatment PUD

A

Acid suppression or neutralization
PPI , healing in 4-6 weeks
H pylori eradication if indicated
PPI + antibiotic regimen 1-2 weeks

63
Q

most common site of intestinal atresia and stenosis

A

jejunum (duod second)

64
Q

kid comes in polyhydramnios,bilious emesis, abdominal distension within hours of birth . he passes his meconium normally

A

duodenal atresia

65
Q

duodenal atresia on x ray

A

double bubble sign

66
Q

where does midgut volvulus usually occur

A

duodenojejunal junction

67
Q

treatment of malrotation

A

Absolute Surgical Emergency .. Bowel ischemia and necrosis

68
Q

kid born with guts out and no sac covering them

A

gastroschisis

69
Q

herniation through the umbilical cord

A

omphalocele

70
Q

Abdominal contents in chest due to failure in diaphragm formation at 8-10wk gestation

A

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

71
Q

kid has persistent painless bloody stools

A

meckel diverticulum

72
Q

common location for hirschprung

A

rectosigmoid colon

73
Q

neonate fails to pass meconium by 24h what do you think

A

Hirschsprung

74
Q

older child passing foul-smelling, ribbon like stools and has abd distention with prominent veins

A

Hirschs

75
Q

major complication of hirschsprung

A

enterocolitis, colonic rupture

76
Q

Translocation of Bacteria to bowel wall

A

NEC

77
Q

Telescoping of bowel that causes progressive edema and ischemia

A

intussusception

78
Q

usual location intussusception

A

Just proximal to ileocecal valve extending for varying distances into the colon

79
Q

currant jelly stool

A

intussusception

80
Q

most common cause of obs in first 2 years of life

A

intussusception

81
Q

Most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery in childhood

A

acute appendicitis

82
Q

greatest risk factor for IBD

A

family history

83
Q

common trigger in Celiac disease

A

environmental agent-gliadin component of gluten

84
Q

treatment Celiac

A

gluten free diet lifelong

85
Q

gold standart celiac

A

SB biopsy

86
Q

kid appears well but is jaundiced

A

biliary atresia

87
Q

95% of the cause of pancreatic dysfunction in childhood

A

CF

Pediatrics (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions