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Pediatrics > HEENT2 > Flashcards

HEENT2 Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of viral rhinitis

A

rhinovirus

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2
Q

most common cause of epistaxis

A

trauma (picking)

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3
Q

common places for rhinosunusitis

A

maxoid and ethmoid

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4
Q

common location for a nosebleed to come from

A

anterior kiesselbachs plexus

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5
Q

most common cause of strep

A

strep pneumo
(h influenzae)
(moraxella catarrhalis)

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6
Q

most common cause of viral sinusitis

A

adenovirus

parainfluenza, influenza, rhinovirus

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7
Q

three things commonly associated with recurrent rhinosinusitis

A

allergies
GER
polyps (if over 10 years old)

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8
Q

do kids with rhinosinusitis need x rays?

A

no

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9
Q

first line treatment for acute rhinosinusitis

A

Amoxicillin (10-14 days)

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10
Q

treatment for recurrent sinusitis

A

amoxicillin plus vanco

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11
Q

common surgical treatment for patients with chronic sinusitis

A

adenoidectomy

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12
Q

adjuvant therapy sinusitis

A

antihistamines, decongestants, anti-inflammatories
topical intranasal steroids
nasal irrigation with saline

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13
Q

most common complication of rhinosinusitis

A

ORBITAL (orbital or preseptal cellulitis)

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14
Q

most common cause of preseptal cellulitis

A

staph aureus

strep pyogenes

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15
Q

most common cause of orbital cellulitis

A

respiratory flora, anaerobes, staph aureus

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16
Q

treatment preseptal cellulitis

A

oral abx (amox, vanco)

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17
Q

treatment for orbital cellulitis

A

systemic antibiotics (add antibiotics to cover anaerobes)

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18
Q

2 pathogens that play largest role in otitis media

A

h influenzae

strep pneumoniae

19
Q

Best initial treatment for acute otitis media if pt is otherwise well (no fever)

A

acetominophen, f/u in 2-3 days

20
Q

treatment of AOM for a pt w fever, crying, ear tugging, previous ear infection

A

amoxicillin-clavulante

21
Q

leading cause of halitosis in children

A

nasal foreign body

22
Q

how do you treat a foreign body in the nose

A 
tell kid to blow it out
removal: topical anesthetic (lidocaine, tetracaine)
antidecongestants (pseudoephed topical)
RESTRAINT
alligator forceps
OR refer to ENT
23
Q

most common cause of pharyngitis

A

viral

24
Q

most common viral causes of pharyngitis

A

enterovirus (hand foot mouth)

adenovirus (pharyngoconjuctival)

25
Q

what causes herpangina

A

coxsackie A

26
Q

what causes hand foot mouth

A

coxsackie A

27
Q

what causes pharyngoonjunctival fever

A

adenovirus

28
Q

what causes mono

A

EBV

29
Q

labs for mono

A

CBC- high atypical lymphocytosis

can do a heterophile antibody test (monospot)

30
Q

This is prevented by eradication of GAS from the pharynx

A

Rheumatic fever

31
Q

Diagnostics for strep throat

A

Rapid antigen test PLUS culture

32
Q

Tx for strep throat

A

Penicillin V or Pen G if you dont think they will come back/dont have the resources

33
Q

T or F: test of cure is recommended in strep throat

A

FALSE; carrier state is self limited and not contagious

34
Q

Complications of strep throat

A

Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Scarlet fever

35
Q

How do you treat peritonsillar abscess

A

PCN

Clindamycin

36
Q

what causes peritonsillar abscess

A

complication of GAS

37
Q

What causes retropharyngeal abscess

A

GAS

Staph aureus

38
Q

how do you treat retropharyngeal abscess

A

Surgical emergency! IV PCN or clindamycin

39
Q

what causes acute cervical adenitis

A

B hemolytic strep

staph aureus

40
Q

most common location for acute cervical adenitis

A

anterior cervical node

41
Q

How do you treat acute cervical adenitis

A

Penicillin IM or IV antibiotics

42
Q

when would you do a tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy

A

obstructive sleep apnea
recurrent infections
swallowing disorders
speech abnormalities (hypertrophy)

43
Q

short frenulum, cant lift the tongue up far

A

ankyloglossia

Pediatrics (15 decks)

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