HEENT2 Flashcards
most common cause of viral rhinitis
rhinovirus
most common cause of epistaxis
trauma (picking)
common places for rhinosunusitis
maxoid and ethmoid
common location for a nosebleed to come from
anterior kiesselbachs plexus
most common cause of strep
strep pneumo
(h influenzae)
(moraxella catarrhalis)
most common cause of viral sinusitis
adenovirus
parainfluenza, influenza, rhinovirus
three things commonly associated with recurrent rhinosinusitis
allergies
GER
polyps (if over 10 years old)
do kids with rhinosinusitis need x rays?
no
first line treatment for acute rhinosinusitis
Amoxicillin (10-14 days)
treatment for recurrent sinusitis
amoxicillin plus vanco
common surgical treatment for patients with chronic sinusitis
adenoidectomy
adjuvant therapy sinusitis
antihistamines, decongestants, anti-inflammatories
topical intranasal steroids
nasal irrigation with saline
most common complication of rhinosinusitis
ORBITAL (orbital or preseptal cellulitis)
most common cause of preseptal cellulitis
staph aureus
strep pyogenes
most common cause of orbital cellulitis
respiratory flora, anaerobes, staph aureus
treatment preseptal cellulitis
oral abx (amox, vanco)
treatment for orbital cellulitis
systemic antibiotics (add antibiotics to cover anaerobes)
2 pathogens that play largest role in otitis media
h influenzae
strep pneumoniae
Best initial treatment for acute otitis media if pt is otherwise well (no fever)
acetominophen, f/u in 2-3 days
treatment of AOM for a pt w fever, crying, ear tugging, previous ear infection
amoxicillin-clavulante
leading cause of halitosis in children
nasal foreign body
how do you treat a foreign body in the nose
tell kid to blow it out removal: topical anesthetic (lidocaine, tetracaine) antidecongestants (pseudoephed topical) RESTRAINT alligator forceps OR refer to ENT
most common cause of pharyngitis
viral
most common viral causes of pharyngitis
enterovirus (hand foot mouth)
adenovirus (pharyngoconjuctival)
what causes herpangina
coxsackie A
what causes hand foot mouth
coxsackie A
what causes pharyngoonjunctival fever
adenovirus
what causes mono
EBV
labs for mono
CBC- high atypical lymphocytosis
can do a heterophile antibody test (monospot)
This is prevented by eradication of GAS from the pharynx
Rheumatic fever
Diagnostics for strep throat
Rapid antigen test PLUS culture
Tx for strep throat
Penicillin V or Pen G if you dont think they will come back/dont have the resources
T or F: test of cure is recommended in strep throat
FALSE; carrier state is self limited and not contagious
Complications of strep throat
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Scarlet fever
How do you treat peritonsillar abscess
PCN
Clindamycin
what causes peritonsillar abscess
complication of GAS
What causes retropharyngeal abscess
GAS
Staph aureus
how do you treat retropharyngeal abscess
Surgical emergency! IV PCN or clindamycin
what causes acute cervical adenitis
B hemolytic strep
staph aureus
most common location for acute cervical adenitis
anterior cervical node
How do you treat acute cervical adenitis
Penicillin IM or IV antibiotics
when would you do a tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy
obstructive sleep apnea
recurrent infections
swallowing disorders
speech abnormalities (hypertrophy)
short frenulum, cant lift the tongue up far
ankyloglossia
