Neurological Development Four Flashcards
Does the brain generate new neurons once mature? If so then where?
On going new cell development occurs in the sub ventricular zone/subependymall zone (ventricular side of striatum) and the hippocampus
Describe what happens to the subependymall layer in the brain with regards to stem cell production;
The subependymall layer is a continuation of the medial/lateral ganglionic eminence. After development cells migrate towards the olfactory bulb to replenish old olfactory cells continually - this is the motorway of new stem cells.
What is the stem cell motorway?
The movement of stem cells from the subependymall layer to the olfactory bulb.
What is good about new brain cells?
They are more excitable therefore are better at driving new memories to be integrated into host circuitry.
What promotes neurogenesis?
Environmental enrichment and exercise
What inhibits neurogenesis?
Chronic increased levels of corticosteroids reduce brain cell proliferation
What does brain health require?
Brain health requires more leisurely activities (Social, Physical and cognitive).
What sort of activity develops the hippocampus more?
People who use spacial navigation more frequently, have more developed hippocampus
What increases synapse strength
Repetitive activity/ experience strengthen the synapses until a new memory is formed.
Define Alzheimers:
Alzheimers is a disease that results in neurofibrillary tangles (Rigid hyperpolarised tau proteins that loose their ability to transport nutrients between neurons(within neuron)) and amyloid deposits(toxic proteins between neurons). This results in deterioration of function in the areas it affects.
Where is Alzheimer primarily affect?
Temporal lobe (Hippocampus) (affects MIAMe) Frontal Lobe (Affects MI PB)
What type of cell does amyloid protein affect the most?
Young cells more than old ones
Describe Parkinsons
Detorioration of the substantita niagra, temporal and frontal cortex causing the loss of dark pigmented nuclie (dopamine producing cells)
Alphasynuclie a consitient of lewy bodies are a pathological hallmark of some parkinsons
What is a characteristic of most brain diseases?
During disease, few new cells are found in the subventricular zone.
What disease is unique in regards to what is seen in most brain diseases
?
Huntingtons disease is unique in that it is found to be that case that there is a increase in the number of new stem cells in the subventricular zone progressively increasing with the increased stages of the disease. Showing that the brain has some regenerative properties.
