neuroimmunology

Question 1

where does the mature CNS originate

Answer 1

from a hollow stucture in the embryo called the neural tube

Question 2

what are microglia in the brain

Answer 2

apart of inate immune system.
need to be tightly regulated within the normal healthy CNS (not always activated unless needed)

Question 3

What unique resident inate cells are microglia in the CNS parenchyma

Answer 3

macrophages

Question 4

events that activate microglia?
what do activated microglia do?

Answer 4

-altered neural function, infection, injury, inflammation

-change shape and secrete cytotoxic IL factors

Question 5

are microglia highly dynamic in resting state in vivo
-in vitro experiments what neutrophoric factors do microglia secrete

Answer 5

-yes
-insulin like growth factor (IGF-1)

Question 6

normal microglia function in healthy CNS
1) synaptic pruning
2) phagocytose
3) shape neural circuits

Answer 6

play various roles during healthy CNS development and during diseased CNS
1) assist in normal brain development during teenage years
2) cells go through apoptosis produced in excess

Question 7

what are microglia activated in the presence of?
-what cell do they activate
-why prolonged activation of microglia is dangerous?

Answer 7

-activated by presence of PAMPS and DAMPS
-turns of MHC class 11 for naive T cell activation, produce cytokines to induce differentiation of effector T cells
-inflammation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases

Question 8

cross talk between activated microglia and astrocytes

Answer 8

amplifies inflammatory response by further activating microglia activation,

establishing positive feed back loop