cancer and the immune system

Question 1

the difference between genetic mutations and carcinogenic mutations

Answer 1

genetic- not common
carconogenic- rare

Question 2

protection of cancer via natural killer cells
-what cytokine do they use

Answer 2

attack abnormal cells, via IFN- gamma.
release peroforin and granzymes to target tumour cells

Question 3

what does IFN- gamma trigger after recognising tumour cells

Answer 3

-p53 upregulation
-angiogenesis
-macrophage activation

Question 4

what is cancer immunoediting.
what are the three stages
1) elimination
2) equilibrium
3) escape

(which stage is more gentically unstable)

Answer 4

immune systum can both surpress and promote tumour growth by interacting with cancer cells in three phases
1) T cells and inate immune systum help prevent cancer
2) if some tumour cells survive, the immune systum helps shape tumour through immunoediting.
3) tumour cells grow by escaping immune control.
this stage is most genetically unstable

Question 5

end point of cancer

Answer 5

metastasis
(tumours spread to different part of body).
90% cancer deaths from metastaisis