Neurobiology and neurochemistry in psych Flashcards
what does frontal lobe control
motor (pre-central gyrus)
speech (broca’s area)
what does parietal lobe do
sensory (post-central gyrus)
taste
speech (Wernicke’s area)
what does temporal lobe do
hearing
smell
what does occipital lobe do
vision
action of choline
accelerates production and release of acetyl choline
what neurotransmitter do cholinergic projections use
acetylcholine
what is the main cholinergic projections of the brain
nucleus basilis of meynert (attention and arousal)
define appetitive systems
function to mediate seeking and approach behaviours (eg pleasure)
define aversive/defensive systems
function to promote survival in event of threat (eg fear/pain)
what are the appetitive systems
ascending dopamine systems ventral striatum dorsal striatum (movement) amygdala (conditioning and learning) anterior cingulate (attention/conflict/response selection) orbitofrontal cortex (rule learning)
what are aversive defensive systems
ascending serotonin systems NA/CRF/peptide transmitters central nucleus of amygdala hippocampus ventroanterior and medial hypothalamus periaqueductal grey matter
neurobiology of depression
alteration in appetitive systems - cant identify pleasurable/rewarding stimuli
neurobiology of mania/hypomania
alteration in appetitive systems - previously neutral stimuli become rewarding
endocrine changes in major depression
increased hypothalamic-pituitary-cortisol axis (enlarged adrenals)
increased hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
action of serotonin
MASH mood arousal sleep hunger
action of dopamine
MEAL movement emotion attention learning
acetylcholine
MaML
muscle attention
memory
learning
norepinephrine
alertness and arousal
GABA
inhibition
glutamate
excitatory and memory
what neurotransmitter causes depression (if lack of)
serotonin
what neurotransmitter cause schizophrenia (if over supply)
dopamine
what neurotransmitter causes tremors, decreased mobility, parkinson’s and ADHD if undersupply
dopamine
what kind of neurons deteriorate as alzheimers gets worse
acetyl choline
what neurotransmitter, if undersupply can cause depressed mood and ADHD-like problems
norepinephrine
undersupply of this neurotransmitter is linked to seizures, tremors and insomnia
GABA
oversupply of this neurotransmitter can cause migraines and seizures
glutamate
what transmitter is responsible for seizures during withdrawal of sedative-hypnotic drugs
GABA
what is the first place affected by azheimer’s and why
nucleus of meynert - main supply of acetylcholine
