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S.N Biochemistry 3 > Neurobiochemistry > Flashcards

Neurobiochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

where can you find cholinergic neurons?

A

neuromascular junction autonomic pre-gang fibers parasymp post-gang fibers CNS

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2
Q

name the reaction catalyzed by choline acetyltransferase?

A

acetyl coA + choline -> coA + ACh

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3
Q

what conciderd to be the rate limiting step of Ach synhesis?

A

choline uptake

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4
Q

how does choline being taken up?

A

with Na

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5
Q

what is responsible for the uptake of Ach to the vesicle? what is the process? name rest of the players

A

VAChT (vesicular Ach transporter) secondary active (H out, Ach in) primary transport is H ATPase (pump H in)

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6
Q

how do Ach being release of the vesicles?

A

triggerd by Ca2+ signal (AP->depol->Ca entry via voltage gated Ca channels)

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7
Q

what proteins mediate vesicular exocytosis?

A

SNARE proteins- V-SNARE (synaptobrevin) T-SNARE (syntaxin 1 A/B) non SNARE (synaptotagmin)

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8
Q

what are the 3 stages of vesicular exocytosis?

A

docking priming fusion

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9
Q

what can inhibit the process of exocytosis?

A

Botulinum toxins

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10
Q

two typs of cholinergic receptors?

A

muscarinic (GPCR) nicotinic (LGIC)

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11
Q

what is the inhibitor of muscarinic Ach R?

A

Atropin

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12
Q

describe the structure of nicotinic (LGIC) Ach R?

A

5 subunits a,a,b,gamma,delta

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13
Q

what is the result of blocking of the nicotinic receptors by auto-antibodies?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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14
Q

mutation of the Ryanodine R will cause-

A

Malignant hyperthermia- persistent large increase in intracellular Ca2+ that will cause muscle rigidity and fever

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15
Q

who is responsible for the degragation of Ach?

A

Ach Esterase (serine protease enzyme)

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16
Q

who is part of this family- catecholamine

A

NE E Dopamine

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17
Q

what catalyze the reaction- Phe->Tyr what is needed for the reaction?

A

Phe hydroxylase TetraHydroBioPterin

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18
Q

what will a mutation in Phe hydroxylase cause?

A

classical Phenylketonuria

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19
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by Tyr Hydroxylase, what is the cofactor?

A

Tyr+O2->DOPA+H2O THBP is cofactor

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20
Q

where can we find Tyr Hydroxylase?

A

only in catecholaminergic neurons

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21
Q

DOPA->Dopamine ? cogactor?

A

AAADC (aromatic AA decarboxylase) PLP

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22
Q

Dopamine->NE? cogactor?

A

Dopamine B hydroxylase vit. C

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23
Q

NE->E? cogactor?

A

phenyl-ethanol-amine-N-methyl transferase SAM

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24
Q

what is the only membrane bound enzyme in in the catecholamine enzymes?

A

Dopamine B hydroxylase

25
Q

what is the rate limiting step of catecholamine synthesis?

A

Tyr Hydroxylase

26
Q

who is the NF inhibition of Tyr Hydroxylase?

A

NE

27
Q

who is the activation of Tyr Hydroxylase?

A

Ca2+ phosphorylation (PKA,PKC…) steroid hormones

28
Q

what mediates the uptake of catecholamine to secretory vesicles?

A

VMAT-2 secondary transport coupled to H ATPase

29
Q

what is the cofactor of AAA decarboxylase?

A

PLP

30
Q

how does NE goes back to the axon terminal?

A

with NET. Na dependent! (cocaine will inhibit)

31
Q

what is the job of MAO?

A

catalyses the oxidative deamination of catecholamines.

32
Q

MAO A? MAO B? what are theyr substrates

A

MAO A- NE, Serotonin MAO B- Dopamine

33
Q

what except MAO will metabolize catecholamines?

A

COMT catechol-o-methyl-transferase

34
Q

what are the dopamine receptorsand what is their function?

A

D1-like R: D1, D5 -> Gs D2-like R: D2, D3, D4 -> Gi

35
Q

what will metabolite dopamine? what will be the product?

A

MAO B homovanillic acid

36
Q

what kind of NT is serotonin?

A

monoamine

37
Q

where is serotonin primarly located?

A

GI tract platelets CNS

38
Q

describe the pathway for the synthesis of serotonin including enzymes and cofactors

A

Tryptophan -> 5-hydroxy-Try (by Try hydroxylase) 5-hydroxy-Try -> serotonin (by AAA DC, PLP is the cofactor)

39
Q

what is the fate of serotonin after metabolism?

A

with MAO will produce -> 5-HIAA

or

melatonine in the pineal gland

40
Q

what mediates the uptake of serotonin?

A

SERT

41
Q

what are the different serotonin receptors?

A

5-HT1: Gi 5-HT2: Gq 5-HT3: LGN/K Chaannel 5-HT4: Gs 5-HT5: Gi 5-HT6: Gs 5-HT7: Gs

42
Q

describe the synthesis of GABA including enzyme/s and cofactor/s

A

Glu -> GABA (by Glu decarboxylase, PLP cofactor)

43
Q

what enzyme mediates the degregation of GABA and what is his location?

A

GABA-T (Transaminase) mitochondria

44
Q

describe the GABA shunt

A
45
Q

?what mediates the reuptake of GABA

A

GAT

3Na/Cl/GABA co transporter

46
Q

?what happens to GABA after reuptake to astrocytes

A

metabolised to succinic semialdehyde

47
Q

describe the two GABA receptors

A

GABA A- ligand gated Cl- channel

GABA B- dimeric GPCR

48
Q

?what are the 2 types og Glu receptors

A

ionotropic-NMDA, AMPA

metabotropic- GPCR

49
Q

describe the structure of NMDA receptor

A

LGIC

permeable both for Na and Ca

hetero-tetramer

50
Q

describe the activation of NMDA

A
51
Q

describe the structure of AMPA receptor

A

tetramer Glu1-4

52
Q

describe the synthesis of NO

A

Arg+NADPH+02->citrulline+H20+NADP+NO

53
Q

what will usually be the mediator for the function of NO

?

A

guanylyl cyclase

54
Q

what does electrogenic refers to?

A

transport proteins that generates voltage across a membrane

55
Q

descsribe the structure of Na/K ATPase

A

a subunit

b subunit

FXYD

56
Q

describe the kinetic model of Na/K ATPase

A
57
Q

E1 is outside/ inside?

A

inside

58
Q

affinity of E1?

A

ATP and Na

S.N Biochemistry 3 (14 decks)

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