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S.N Biochemistry 3 > Neurobiochemistry > Flashcards

Neurobiochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

where can you find cholinergic neurons?

A

neuromascular junction autonomic pre-gang fibers parasymp post-gang fibers CNS

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2
Q

name the reaction catalyzed by choline acetyltransferase?

A

acetyl coA + choline -> coA + ACh

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3
Q

what conciderd to be the rate limiting step of Ach synhesis?

A

choline uptake

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4
Q

how does choline being taken up?

A

with Na

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5
Q

what is responsible for the uptake of Ach to the vesicle? what is the process? name rest of the players

A

VAChT (vesicular Ach transporter) secondary active (H out, Ach in) primary transport is H ATPase (pump H in)

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6
Q

how do Ach being release of the vesicles?

A

triggerd by Ca2+ signal (AP->depol->Ca entry via voltage gated Ca channels)

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7
Q

what proteins mediate vesicular exocytosis?

A

SNARE proteins- V-SNARE (synaptobrevin) T-SNARE (syntaxin 1 A/B) non SNARE (synaptotagmin)

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8
Q

what are the 3 stages of vesicular exocytosis?

A

docking priming fusion

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9
Q

what can inhibit the process of exocytosis?

A

Botulinum toxins

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10
Q

two typs of cholinergic receptors?

A

muscarinic (GPCR) nicotinic (LGIC)

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11
Q

what is the inhibitor of muscarinic Ach R?

A

Atropin

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12
Q

describe the structure of nicotinic (LGIC) Ach R?

A

5 subunits a,a,b,gamma,delta

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13
Q

what is the result of blocking of the nicotinic receptors by auto-antibodies?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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14
Q

mutation of the Ryanodine R will cause-

A

Malignant hyperthermia- persistent large increase in intracellular Ca2+ that will cause muscle rigidity and fever

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15
Q

who is responsible for the degragation of Ach?

A

Ach Esterase (serine protease enzyme)

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16
Q

who is part of this family- catecholamine

A

NE E Dopamine

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17
Q

what catalyze the reaction- Phe->Tyr what is needed for the reaction?

A

Phe hydroxylase TetraHydroBioPterin

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18
Q

what will a mutation in Phe hydroxylase cause?

A

classical Phenylketonuria

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19
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by Tyr Hydroxylase, what is the cofactor?

A

Tyr+O2->DOPA+H2O THBP is cofactor

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20
Q

where can we find Tyr Hydroxylase?

A

only in catecholaminergic neurons

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21
Q

DOPA->Dopamine ? cogactor?

A

AAADC (aromatic AA decarboxylase) PLP

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22
Q

Dopamine->NE? cogactor?

A

Dopamine B hydroxylase vit. C

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23
Q

NE->E? cogactor?

A

phenyl-ethanol-amine-N-methyl transferase SAM

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24
Q

what is the only membrane bound enzyme in in the catecholamine enzymes?

A

Dopamine B hydroxylase

25
what is the rate limiting step of catecholamine synthesis?
Tyr Hydroxylase
26
who is the NF inhibition of Tyr Hydroxylase?
NE
27
who is the activation of Tyr Hydroxylase?
Ca2+ phosphorylation (PKA,PKC...) steroid hormones
28
what mediates the uptake of catecholamine to secretory vesicles?
VMAT-2 secondary transport coupled to H ATPase
29
what is the cofactor of AAA decarboxylase?
PLP
30
how does NE goes back to the axon terminal?
with NET. Na dependent! (cocaine will inhibit)
31
what is the job of MAO?
catalyses the oxidative deamination of catecholamines.
32
MAO A? MAO B? what are theyr substrates
MAO A- NE, Serotonin MAO B- Dopamine
33
what except MAO will metabolize catecholamines?
COMT catechol-o-methyl-transferase
34
what are the dopamine receptorsand what is their function?
D1-like R: D1, D5 -\> Gs D2-like R: D2, D3, D4 -\> Gi
35
what will metabolite dopamine? what will be the product?
MAO B homovanillic acid
36
what kind of NT is serotonin?
monoamine
37
where is serotonin primarly located?
GI tract platelets CNS
38
describe the pathway for the synthesis of serotonin including enzymes and cofactors
Tryptophan -\> 5-hydroxy-Try (by Try hydroxylase) 5-hydroxy-Try -\> serotonin (by AAA DC, PLP is the cofactor)
39
what is the fate of serotonin after metabolism?
with MAO will produce -\> 5-HIAA or melatonine in the pineal gland
40
what mediates the uptake of serotonin?
SERT
41
what are the different serotonin receptors?
5-HT1: Gi 5-HT2: Gq 5-HT3: LGN/K Chaannel 5-HT4: Gs 5-HT5: Gi 5-HT6: Gs 5-HT7: Gs
42
describe the synthesis of GABA including enzyme/s and cofactor/s
Glu -\> GABA (by Glu decarboxylase, PLP cofactor)
43
what enzyme mediates the degregation of GABA and what is his location?
GABA-T (Transaminase) mitochondria
44
describe the GABA shunt
45
?what mediates the reuptake of GABA
GAT 3Na/Cl/GABA co transporter
46
?what happens to GABA after reuptake to astrocytes
metabolised to succinic semialdehyde
47
describe the two GABA receptors
GABA A- ligand gated Cl- channel GABA B- dimeric GPCR
48
?what are the 2 types og Glu receptors
ionotropic-NMDA, AMPA metabotropic- GPCR
49
describe the structure of NMDA receptor
LGIC permeable both for Na and Ca hetero-tetramer
50
describe the activation of NMDA
51
describe the structure of AMPA receptor
tetramer Glu1-4
52
describe the synthesis of NO
Arg+NADPH+02-\>citrulline+H20+NADP+NO
53
what will usually be the mediator for the function of NO ?
guanylyl cyclase
54
what does electrogenic refers to?
transport proteins that generates voltage across a membrane
55
descsribe the structure of Na/K ATPase
a subunit b subunit FXYD
56
describe the kinetic model of Na/K ATPase
57
E1 is outside/ inside?
inside
58
affinity of E1?
ATP and Na

S.N Biochemistry 3 (14 decks)

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