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S.N Biochemistry 3 > 2nd semester > Flashcards

2nd semester Flashcards

1
Q

SGLT2 is responsible for ___ % of the glucose reabsorption

A

90%

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2
Q

NADPH source

A

PPP
malic enzyme
isocitrate DH (Lerant lectures)

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3
Q

what does phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase do?

A

inhibition of the enzyme

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4
Q

describe the reaction catalyzed by histidine Decarboxylase

A

Histidine->histamine +CO2

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5
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by alanine amino transferase:

A

alanine + a-KG -> pyruvat + glutamate

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6
Q

amino acids that will be convertes to acetyl coA

A

TryIL! ט’ריל זה כמו מרגש עם שגיואת כתיב וזה גם מתחרז עם אסטיל
tryptohpahn
isoleucine
leucine

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7
Q

which Apo activates LCAT

where can we find it?

A

Apo A1
HDL
(HDL has L in it like LCAT)

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8
Q

enzymes of B Oxidation:

A 
thiokinase
acyl-co A DH (FADH2)
enoyl-coA hydratase
b-hydroxy-acyl-coA DH (NAH+H)
acyl coA-acetyl transferase
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9
Q

after getting propionyl coA from oxidation of odd number FA how do we continue?

A
  1. propionyl co A -> methylmalonyl co A (by propionyl co A carboxylase with biotin)
  2. methylmalonyl co A -> succinyl co A (by methylmalonyl co A mutase with B12)
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10
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by lactate DH

A

pyruvate + NADH + H -> lactate + NAD

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11
Q

amino acids that will be convertes to pyruvate

A 
Pirates Come And Go To The See 
cys
ser
ala (think about alanine aminotransferase)
gly
thr
try
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12
Q

biotin dependent carboxylase in human:

A

pyruvate carboxylase
acetyl coA carboxylase
propionyl coA carboxylase

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13
Q

describe the sucrose bond

A

a-glucose1 -> 2b-fructose

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14
Q

what are the high energy phosphate compounds?

A

1,3-BPG

PEP

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15
Q

what hormone contributes to the phosphorylation of PFK2-FBPase2?

A

glucagon (cAMP increases)

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16
Q

which enzyme catalyze the reaction grom cholesterol to pregnenolone?

A

P450 SCC (side chain cleavage)

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17
Q

Km of GLUT2 ?

A

17 mM, very high!

so low affinity

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18
Q

why 2,3-BPG is importent and where?

A

increase in 2,3-BPG conc -> decrease the affinity of Hg to O2
RBC

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19
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by phosphopentose isomerase

A

D-ribulose-5-P -> D-ribose-5-P

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20
Q

localization of Cyt P450 ?

A

mainly ER

or mitochondria

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21
Q

what is the location of SGLT1?

glucose affinity?

A

intestine
kidney

high affinity

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22
Q

what is the location of the disaccharidases?

A

brush border enzymes

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23
Q

molecules of TCA by order

A 
citrate is krebs starting substrate for making oxaloacetate
citrate
isocitrate
a-KG
succinyl coA
succinate
fumarate
malate
OAA
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24
Q

amino acids that will be convertes to OAA?

A

asparagine and aspartate (remember asp aminoatransferase)

both start with A and both have long name like OAA)

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25
Q

write doen the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate DH?

A

pyruvate + NAD + coA-SH -> acetyl coA + CO2 + NADH +H

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26
Q

essential AA?

A 
PVT TIM HALL
phe (remmber we need it for tyrosine synthesis)
val
thr
try (needed for serotonine!)
iso
his
arginine (in Lerants lecture it is not essential)
leu
lys
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27
Q

what type of bond does amylase catalyze?

what is the product

A

a(1->4) glycosidic bond

dextrins, then a mixture of glucose, maltose

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28
Q

which lipoprotein contains the largest amount of proteins?

A

HDL3

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29
Q

what enzyme is deficient in essential fructosuria?

A

fructokinase

fructose -> F1P

30
Q

lioproteins by order of density

A 
chylo
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
31
Q

describe the maltose bond

A

a-1-glucose -> 4a-glucose

32
Q

amino acids that will be convertes to acetoacetyl coA

A 
LPL (like lpl and it is in contact with FA also acetoacetyl comes from there basically) TryTyr
leu
phe
lys
try
tyr
33
Q

what are the inhibitors of pyruvate kinase in the liver?

A

alanine and ATP

34
Q

what is special about phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates?

A

cannot leave the cell

35
Q

glycogenin recations (2)

A
  1. transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to glycogenin

2. chain extending

36
Q

what is blockes in galactosemia?

A

galactose-1-P uridylyl transferase enzyme

37
Q

who is active when they are phosphorylated?

PFK2-FBPase2

38
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by aspartate amino transferase:

A

aspartate + a-KG -> OAA + glutamate

39
Q

McArdle disease?

A

muscle phosphorylase

Mc-Muscle, same letter

40
Q

localization of glucokinase?

A

liver

pancreatic b- cells (glucose sensor!)

41
Q

write down all glycolysis enzymes

A 
hexokinase
phosphohexose-ispmerase
PFK1
aldolase
triose phosphate isomerase
glyceraldehyde-3-P DH
phosphoglycerate kinase
phosphoglycerate mutase
enolase
pyruvate kinase
42
Q

which Apo activates LPL?

43
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by biphosphoglycerate mutase

A

1,3-BPG -> 2,3-BPG

44
Q

what is the difference btw ACAT and LCAT

A

ACAT- formation of cholesteryl ester in cells, acyl donor is Acyl coA
LCAT- formation of cholesteryl ester in lipoproteins, acyl donor is Lecitin (L-L same letter)

45
Q

what is the location of SGLT2?

glucose affinity?

A

kidney

low affinity

46
Q

hints for carnitine structure

A

N in the midle of four C

47
Q

what GLUT in RBC?

48
Q

reaction catalyzed by aldolase B?

A

F1P -> glyceraldehyde + dihydroxyacetone -P

49
Q

in what condition we will have high amount of free FA in the blood?

A

intensive exsesize

untreated diabetes mellitus

50
Q

amino acids that will be convertes to succinyl coA?

A 
I love MTV (רואים אםטיוי בסוכה שזה דמוה לסוכיניל)
iso
met
thr
val
(also- Vallery Sucks Thor In Metro)
51
Q

what are lipoproteins?

A

complex of lipids and proteins

52
Q

which AA are both gluco- and keto- genic?

according to Lerant’s lecture

A 
Ty Is Phucking Trippy!! 
Tyrosine
isoleucine
Phenilalanine
tryptophan
53
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by galactose-1-P uridylyl transferase

A

galactose-1-P + UDP-glucose -> glucose-1-P + UDP-galactose

54
Q

how many ATP from the B oxidation of palmitoyl-coA?

A 
106 ATP (Lerant lecture)
<108.5-2=106.5>
55
Q

which AA are only keto- genic?

according to Lerant’s lecture

A

Leu
(לא!! אל תסתכלו עליי אני שמן!!)
or LOSERS! (leu and lys)

56
Q

what are the metabolic effects of LXR?

A

target genes include
ABC A1- cholesterol efflux
CYP7A1- bile synthesis
IDOL (Inducible Degrador of LDL Receptor)

57
Q

which lipoprotein contains the largest amount of cholesteryl-ester?

58
Q

what does salivary/pancreatic amylase catalyze?

A

hydrolysis of starch and diatery glycogen

59
Q

Von-Gierke disease?

A

glucose-6-phosphatase

von G its like G-6-Pase, same letter

60
Q

describe the lactose bond

A

b-galactose-1 -> 4a-glucose

61
Q

alanine aminotransferase reaction

A

alanine+aKG->pyruvate+glutamate

62
Q

2 possible catabolic fates of pyruvate

A

acetyl coA

lactate

63
Q

amino acids that will be convertes to a-KG

A 
GAG PH
gln
arg (remember like ine suffix)
glu
pro
his
64
Q

carbohydrate malabsoption can lead to

due to deffect in brush border enzymes

A

osmotic diarrhea with low pH

65
Q

which lipoprotein contains the largest amount of TAG?

A

chylomicrons

66
Q

what is the essential cofactor in the glycogen phosphorylase reaction?

67
Q

amino acids that will be convertes to fumarate?

A

PhAT (similar to fat and gumarate starts with f)
phe
asp
tyr

68
Q

how can we convert glycerol into a glycolytic intermediate?

A
  1. glycerol + ATP -> glycerol-3-P + ADP (by glycerol kinase)

2. glycerol-3-P +NAD -> dihydroxyacetone-P + NADH + H (by glycerol-P DH)

69
Q

describe the structure of lipoprotein

A

core- non polar TAG and cholesteryl ester

out- phospholipids, cholesterol, Apo’s

70
Q

write down the enzymes of PPP

A

glucose-6-P DH
lactonase
6-phosphogluconate DH
phosphopentose isomerase

S.N Biochemistry 3 (14 decks)

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