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S.N Biochemistry 3 > Final PP 1 > Flashcards

Final PP 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is needed for the transport of FA from the cytoplasm to mitochondria?

A

ATP
Carnitine
Co-A

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2
Q

Write down the enzymes of urea cycle+localization

A 
Carbomyl -p synthase (mitochondria)
Ornithine carbomyl transferase (mitochondria)
Argino-succinate synthase (cytosol)
Argino-succinate lyase (cytosol)
Arginase (cytosol)
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3
Q

LCAT action?

A

Catalyze esterification of cholesterol to form cholesterol ester

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4
Q

What is the reaction catalyzed by Glu DH?

A

Glu + NAD+ +H2O -> NH4 + a-KG +NADH +H

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5
Q

Give examples for enzymes that are activated upon phosphorylation

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

Phosphorylase kinase

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6
Q

What AA can be converted to serine in a single reaction?

A

Glycine

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7
Q

When does -plasma level of unesterified FA is increased?

A

Starvation
By glucagon
By ACTH

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8
Q

Localization and action of Acyl co-A DH?

A

Mitochondria

Trans double bond

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9
Q

What takes part in intestinal lipid digestion?

A

Pancreatic Lipase and bile acids

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10
Q

Human genetic PKU can result in:

A

Inability to convert Phe to Tyr

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11
Q

Write down the reaction catalyzed by Adenosine Deaminase

A

Adenosine +H2O -> Inosine +NH3

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12
Q

Action of ABCA1?

A

Efflux of cholesterol from the cell

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13
Q

What is the enzyme that catalyze

Phe -> Tyr

A

Phe Hydroxylase

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14
Q

What is the activity of Lipoprotein Lipase?

A

Hydrolysis of TAG of plasma Lipoproteins to supply FA to the tissues

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15
Q

Von Gierke disease is a result of the deficiency in

A

G-6-Pase

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16
Q

What is the role of Glutathione reductase in RBC?

A

It is needed for the removal of H2O2

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17
Q

What is the reaction catalyzed by HMG coA Reductase?

What is needed?

A

HMG coA -> Mevalonic acid

NADPH is needed for the reaction

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18
Q

What is the consequences of Acyl coA deficiency?

A

No ketone bodies synthesis

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19
Q

When do bile pigments are formed?

A

In the degradation of Heme

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20
Q 
Orotic aciduria (inherited metabolic disease) when orotic acid is accumulated in the body
Occurs in which metabolic pathway?
A

Pyrimidine synthesis

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21
Q

What stimulates the transcription of ABCA1?

A

High intracellular conc of cholesterol

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22
Q

Where does B oxidation occurs?

A

Mitochondria

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23
Q

What apolipoprotein is an activator of LCAT?

A

Apo A-1

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24
Q

What is essential for the synthesis of FA?

A

CO2 and HCO3-

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25
Lipoprotein Lipase activity?
Hydrolyses TAG from VLDL and chylomicrons
26
Enzymes of urea cycle are located in:
Mitochondria | Cytosol
27
Which aAA will enter the citric acid cycle as a-KG?
GAG PH ``` Gln Arg Glu Pro His ```
28
Substrates for ribonucleotide reductase?
ADP GDP CDP UDP
29
Write down 3 inhibitors of Gluconeogenesis
F-2,6-BP ADP AMP
30
Which of this two will produce mitochondrial NADH? Pyrimidine de novo synthesis Purine de novo synthesis
Pyrimidine de novo synthesis
31
Enzyme converting inosine to hypoxanthine?
PNP (Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase)
32
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis?
HMG coA Reductase
33
What happens to conjugated bilirubin in the serum during liver disease?
Decreased
34
What can we use as HMG coA Reductase inhibitors?
Statins
35
Which enzyme is allosterically modulated by malonyl co A? | Inhibition/activation?
Carnitine palmtoyl transferase 1 | Inhibited
36
Where does the synthesis of NO starts from?
Arginine
37
What AA participate in the synthesis pf purine nucleotides?
Gln Asp Gly
38
How many subunits does PKC have?
1-single polypeptide chain
39
How many units does PKA have?
Tetramer
40
What receptor in the CNS function as Ca channel?
NMDA
41
What provides the methyl group here- | NE -> E
SAM
42
What is Glutathione?
Tripeptide made of Glu, Cys, Gly
43
What is the consequence of inherited Adenosine Deaminase deficiency?
Immunodeficiency
44
What are the negative allosteric effectors of PFK1?
ATP Citrate H
45
What is stimulated under high conc of F-2,6-Bi-P
Glycolysis
46
Upon phosphorylation of PFK2 by PKA it is-
Inactivated, and the function of the FBPase is activated
47
The glycogen branching enzyme catalyzes-
Formation of a1 -> 6 linkage
48
What can induce gluconeogenesis in the kidney cortex?
Catecholamines
49
What are the glucose transporters of the brain?
GLUT1 and 3
50
Who has more mitochondria, astrocytes or neurons?
Neurons
51
What is the action of AMP-activated protein kinase in the muscle?
It phosphorylates acetyl co-A carboxylase and decreases malonyl co-A concentration in the muscle
52
Describe the GABA shunt?
KG-Glu-GABA-succinate semi aldehyde-succinyl coA
53
What activates tPA? (2)
- Fibrin | - some of the plasmic fibrin degregation products stimulates it
54
What provides precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides?
PPP
55
Epinephrine triggers an increase rate of glycogen breakdown in muscle by causing-
Conversion of glycogen phosphorylase b to a
56
Write down enzymes that needs Biotin as a prosthetic group (3)
Pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl coA carboxylase Propionyl coA carboxylase
57
Following glycogenolysis, G1P is converted to
G6P
58
Precursor for the biosynthesis of pyrimidine ring system includes:
Carbomyl phosphate and Asp
59
LPL htdrolyze TAG from?
mature chylomicrons and VLDL
60
Glu -> aKG is reductive deamination OR reductive amidation?
reductive amidation
61
which proteins/enzymes participate in the reverse cholesterol transport?
Apo A1 and LCAT
62
what is the consequence og mutation of the Ryanodine receptors?
malignant hyperthermia
63
what are the characteristic of malignant hyperthermia?
rigidity of skeletal muscles
64
which requires more than one step? ``` Ala->Pyruvate Phe->Succinate Asp->OAA Glu->aKG Pro->Glu ```
Pro->Glu Phe->Succinate
65
where do Heme Oxygenase plays a role?
in the degregation of Heme
66
which of the next signaling components play a role in the action of glucagon? 1. B receptor 2. PKA 3. cAMP 4. Gs protein 5. Gi protein
2. PKA 3. cAMP 4. Gs protein (B receptor is for NE)
67
what are leptins?
polypeptides produced by the adipose tissue
68
clinical symptoms of antiphospholipid syndrom can be treated wirh? (2)
vit K antagonist | Heparin
69
what is the first step of fructose metabolism?
phosphor of fructose to F-1-P
70
order this by ATP energy Ala palmitate glucose
palmitate>glucose>Ala
71
What is the subunit composition of the ganglion type nicotinic receptor?
ax2 | bx3
72
What activates Tyr hydroxylase?
Ca
73
Put this in the right order of GABA shunt ``` GABA Succinate semialdehyde Glu aKG Succinyl co A ```
KG->Glu->GABA->succinate semialdehyde->succinyl co A
74
Substrates for thrombin in blood coagulation?
``` Fibrinogen V VIII XI XIII Platelets ```
75
What is the primary target of strophantin? | Other name?
Ouabain Its a cardiac glycoside Inhibits Na/K ATPase
76
Write down the mechanism of action of Ouabain:
Na/K ATPase inhibition ->accumulation of intracellular Na -> reduced activity of Na/Ca exchanger -> elevation of intracellular Ca -> higher cardiac contractility
77
Open probability of ion channel can range from -
0-1
78
Phosphorylation decrease/increase the activity of CFTR Cl channel
Increase
79
The gating charge in the voltage sensor of voltage gated K channels is provided by conserved _____ and _____ residues on the ____ helix
Arg Lys S4
80
Myasthenia gravis happens because-
Autoantibodies directed against the nicotinic acetyl choline receptor
81
How is the formation of blood coagulation complexes inhibited in the clinic?
Vitamin K inhibitors
82
What kind of molecule exerts irreversible inhibition of Ach esterase?
Organic phosphate
83
What does phosphorylated CFTR Cl channel need for gating?
ATP
84
The gate of the K channel id located close to the _________ side
Intracellular
85
How does dopamine influences the activity of Na/K ATPase in the kidney?
Decreases
86
Name the metabolite that is formed in the brain in the metabolism of NE and can be detected in the urine
MHPG
87
What is the coenzyme for methylmalonyl mutase?
B12
88
Amino acids with 4 carbons?
Asn Asp Thr
89
What happens to Vmax in the presence of competitive inhibitor?
Stay the same
90
What happens to Vmax in the presence of non-competitive inhibitor?
Decreases
91
what does the deficiency in branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex causes?
Maple syrup disease
92
two NADPH producing enzymes of the PPP?
G-6-P DH | 6-phosphogluconate DH
93
two pathways for arachidonic acid?
Cycloxygenase | Lipoxygenase (produces leukotriens)

S.N Biochemistry 3 (14 decks)

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