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S.N Biochemistry 3 > Final PP 2 > Flashcards

Final PP 2 Flashcards

1
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by G6P DH

A

G6P+NADP -> 6-Phosphogluconolacton +NADPH+H

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2
Q

Describe the structure of voltage Cl ch

What creates the pore?

A

Two subunits

Each subunit creates a pore by itself

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3
Q

what can activate platelets?

A 
ADP
TXA2
vWf
collagen
thrombin
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4
Q

Describe the binding site of nAch channels?

A

5 -fold symmetrical ring

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5
Q

what is the dominant type of conjugation in case of electrophilic intermediate?

A

Glutathione conjugation

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6
Q

what hormone induces the formation of F26BP?

A

insulin

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7
Q

How many FADH are produced from one molecule of palmitate?

A

7

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8
Q

What does kallikrein do?

A

Plasminogen -> plasmin

So we can say it induces fibrinolysis

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9
Q

name the products of the reaction catalyzed by hormone-sensitive-lipase:

A

FA+monoacylglycerol

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10
Q

Three tissues that are able to use ketone bodies

A

Brain
Heart
Kidneys

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11
Q

which enzyme is def. in Von Gierke disease?

A

glucose 6 phosphatase

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12
Q

which enzyme is defected in type 1 “classic galactosemia”?

A

galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase

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13
Q

which are the most important consequences of von Gierke disease?

A

hypoglycenia

hepatomagaly

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14
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by Adenosine Deaminase

A

Adenosine + H2O -> Inosine + NH3

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15
Q

what amino acids can form OAA?

A

Asp

Asn

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16
Q

what are the steps of Glutathione conjugation?

A

Glutathione conjugation->loss of Glu and Gly-> conjugation with acetate

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17
Q

which are the most important xenobiotics inducers of CYP1 isoenzyme?

A

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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18
Q

what is the end product of the reaction catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase?

A

G-1-P

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19
Q

when is Pyruvate Kinase more active?

A

when it is dephosphorykated

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20
Q

what are the allosteric inhibitors of pyruvate kinase?

A

Alanine

ATP

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21
Q

what is the product of the reaction catalyzed by adenosine deaminase?

A

Inosine

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22
Q

which are the essential AA?

A

PVT TIM HALL

Phe
Val
Thr
Try
Iso
Met
His
Arg
Leu
Lys
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23
Q

name the FA acontaining 16C

A

palmitate

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24
Q

in glycogenesis _____ uses one molecule of _____ to lengthen the glycogen chain

A

glycogen synthase

UDP-glucose

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25
write down the reaction catalyzed by Aldolase B-
F-1-P -> glyceraldehyde + DHAP
26
what enzyme is def in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
hypoxanthine guanine phosphorybosyl transferase | HGPRT
27
what is the prosthetic group of tyrosine hydroxylase?
tetrahydrobiopterin
28
what is the dominant chemical reaction in 1st phase of biotransformation?
Oxygenation
29
what is the allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase?
acetyl coA
30
give two examples for unconjugated hyperbilirubemia-
Gilberts syndrome | Crigler-Nailar syndrome
31
write down the reaction catalyzed by histidine decarboxylase
histidine->histamine + CO2
32
write down the reaction catalyzed by lactate DH
lactate + NAD+ -> pyruvate + NADH+H
33
name all the lipoproteins in the body in order from smallest to highest density:
chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL
34
Where does Ca binds on the Ca sensitive K channel?
On the intracellular side
35
upon phosphorylation, PDH is-
inhibited
36
write down the enzymes of urea cycle that are not present in the cytosol
carbomyl -P synthase | ornithine transcarbomylase
37
what enzymes are not present in the case of Galactosemia?
Galactokinase | galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
38
2 disease caused by gene expression disorder of UDP-glucoronyl-transferase?
Gilbert | Criegler-Najjar syndrome
39
Effect of NO on platelets?
Inhibits activation
40
what is the effect of PGI2 on platelet aggregation?
Inhibition
41
what are the allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase?
F-1,6-BP
42
Disease caused by mutation in Cl ch?
Myotonia
43
which enzyme is deficient in hereditary fructose intolerance?
aldolase B | hereditary means its for the second generation so B
44
Localization of actl-coA DH?
Mitochondria
45
what Apo activates LPL? | where can we find it?
Apo CII | found in- chylo, VLDL, HDL
46
Common co enzyme needed both to synthesis and oxidation of FA?
CoA
47
where is the location of HMG coA reductase?
membrane of the ER
48
which organs are able to secrete glucose and why?
liver and kidney | bcs they express G-6-Pase
49
Job of fXII (2)
Activates fXI | Activates prekallikrein
50
which step in glycolysis produces NADH?
G3P -> 1,3 BPG
51
how many FADH2, NADH, acetyl coA from the oxidation of stearoyl-coA?
FADH2: 8 NADH: 8 acetyl coA: 9
52
give an example of a suicide enzyme
COX
53
What does alpha amylase break?
Glycogen
54
What is Glibert disease?
Liver does not properly process bilirubin
55
which enzyme also uses E3 of PDH?
a-KG DH
56
what Apo binds the LDL R?
Apo B-100
57
where can you find Apo B-100?
VLDL IDL LDL
58
describe the structure of cholesterol
27 carbon 4 rings double bond btw. C5-C6 hydroxyl group on C3
59
overall process of 1 cholesterol involves this substrates-
18 acetyl co A 36 ATP 20 NADPH 21 enzymes
60
what are the secondary bile acids?
deoxycholic litocholic (7a dehydroxylation)
61
what are the secondary bile acids?
deoxycholic litocholic (7a dehydroxylation)
62
what are the primary bile acids?
cholic chenodeoxycholic taurocholic glycocholic
63
give the overall reaction catalyzed by a-KG DH:
a-KG + coA-SH +NAD -> succinyl CoA + NADH + CO2
64
3 moles of glucose in PPP give how many CO2 NADPH pentose
CO2-3 NADPH-6 pentose-3
65
what GLUT is found in the RBC?
GLUT1
66
which enzyme contains FMN prosthetic group?
complex I of respiratory chain
67
which component of the oxidative phosphorylation is localized in the inter-membrane space?
cytochrome c
68
the straight glucose chains in glycogen are linked in what linkages?
a-1,4
69
what is the difference btw glucokunase and hexokinase in terms of activation?
glucokinase is not inhibited by glucose-6-p like hexokinase
70
which GLUT has the hoghest Km? | what is his job?
GLUT2 removal of excess glucose from the liver and the kidney regulation of insulin release in pancreas
71
what is the positive regulator of pyruvate carboxylase?
acetyl coA
72
what is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that joins a molecule of acetyl co A and OAA?
citrate synthase
73
which enzyme catalyzes the formation of succinyl co A?
a-KG DH
74
which citric acid cycle enzyme catalyzes the reaction that forms GTP?
succinyl coA synthetase
75
name the cofactor of pyruvate carboxylase?
Biotin
76
which component is the final electrone acceptor in the respiratory chain?
O2
77
the three irreversible steps of the citrate cycle are catalyzed by-
citrate synthase isocitrate DH a-KG DH
78
folate, in the form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (THF) takes part in the reaction of-
homocysteine-methionine reaction
79
write doen the reaction catalyzed by arginosuccinate synthase-
citrulline + Asp + ATP -> Arginnosuccinate +AMP +PPi
80
what will happen in IDOL deficiency?
there will be more LDL R -> more cholesterol influx (so less cholesterol in plasma)
81
what can cause increase in plasma LDL cholesterol level?
LDL R deficiency | Apo B100 deficiency
82
``` whihc of these AA will enter the citric acid cycle in the form of succinyl coA? Iso Leu Tyr Pro Val ```
Iso | Val
83
what are the most important gluconeogenic precursors?
lactate glycerol AA (Alanine)
84
what is the co factor essential for the function of pyruvate carboxylase?
Biotin
85
how does acetyl coA leave the mitochondria?
with citrate shuttle
86
write down the reaction catalyzed by threonine DH
threonine + NAD+ -> glycine + NADH + H
87
which AA act as voltage sensor on the K channel?
Lys | Arg
88
when does NMDA activate?
when both Glu and Gly bound to it
89
what are the allosteric inhibitors and activators of pyruvate kinase?
``` inhibitors= ATP, Alanine activators= F-1,6-BP ```
90
anticoagulant factors produced by the endothelial cells
tPA NO PGI2
91
which enzyme causes orotic aciduria?
UMP Synthase (converts orotic acid to UMP in pyrimidine synthesis)
92
where are the -OH groups in cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid located?
cholic- 3,7,12 (has the smallest wors so opposite to how many -OH it has) chenodeoxycholic- 3,7
93
where are the -OH groups in cholesterol?
C3 | remember that cholesterol has double bond, bile acids dont have
94
where are the -OH groups in secondary bile acids?
deoxycholic acid- 3,12 (deoxy!!so one -OH gone from cholic acid) lithocholic acid- 3
95
what is ribonucleotide reductase?
enzyme catalyzing the formation of deoxyribonucleotide from ribonucleotide removes the -OH group of the ribose ring
96
what are the substrates for ribonucleotide reductase?
ADP GDP UDP CDP
97
write down the reaction catalyzed by Asp-Transcarbomylase
first step of pyrimidine synthesis | Asp + carbomyl-P -> carbomyl-Asp + Pi
98
write down the reaction catalyzed by N-acetyl Glu Synthase
acetyl coA + Glu -> N-acetyl-Glu + coA
99
why can we have gastric bleeding whan treating with Aspirin?
inhibits COX-1 -> no PGE2 production that otherwise protects the GI mucosa
100
AA that participate in Purine synthesis
Gln Gly Asp

S.N Biochemistry 3 (14 decks)

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