neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards
What makes up the forebrain prosencephalon?
-Telencephalon (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system)
-Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus)
What makes up the mid brain mesencephalon?
-Tectum
-Tegmentum
What makes up the hindbrain rhombencephalon?
-Metencephalon (cerebellum, pons)
-Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
Describe the basal ganglia
-Collection of nuclei
-Controlling movement
-Function of reward systems
-Receives info from cortex and sends to globus pallidus
-Lesions in this area can cause disorders such as Parkinson’s and Huntingtons
What is the basal ganglia made up of?
-Caudate nucleus - nucleus with a tail (CATS)
-Putamen - known as shell (PLAY)
-Globus pallidus - pale globe (GAMES)
What makes up the striatum?
-Putamen
-Globus pallidus
What makes up the limbic system?
-Limbic cortex
-Hippocampus - temporal lobe ‘sea horse’
-Amygdala -temporal lobe ‘almond’
-Fornix - ‘arch’
-Mammillary bodies - ‘breast shaped
Briefly describe the limbic system
-Crucial for emotion, learning and memory
-Fear related behaviours
What is the hippocampus important for?
-Consolidating memory
-H.M. case study
-Spatial navigation can be used
Describe the thalamus
-‘inner chamber’
-Dorsal part of diencephalon
-Contained 2 lobes separated by massa intermedia (bridge of grey matter)
-Receives info from and sends info to cortex
The thalamus is divided into 3 different nucleis, what are they called?
-Lateral geniculate nuclei - receives fibres from retina and projects to visual cortex
-Medial geniculate nucleus
-Ventrolateral nucleus
Describe the hypothalamus
-‘under’
-Base of the brain
-Physiological processes
-Controls autonomic nervous system (ANS)
-Organises behaviour related to survival of species
-Connected to pituitary gland
Describe the tectum
-‘roof’
-Superior colliculi (visual)
-Inferior colliculi (auditory)
-These appear as 4 bumps on the dorsal surface of the brain stem
Describe the tegmentum
-‘covering’
-Reticular formation - important for sleep and arousal
-Periaqueductal grey matter - species typical behaviour e.g. fighting and mating
-Red nucleus - limb movement
-Substantia nigra - ‘black substance’, initiating movement
Describe the metencephalon
-Pons ‘bridge’ which links sleep and arousal, relays info from cortex to cerebellum
-Cerebellum is important for co-ordination of movement, modifies output
Describe the myelencephalon
-Medulla oblongata - refers to ‘oblong marrow’
-Regulates cardiovascular system, respiration and skeletal muscle tonus
