ethics

Question 1

What was the act that brought about anti cruelty to animals?

Answer 1

-Cruelty to Animals Act (1876)
-UK was one of the first

Question 2

What are the general principles in the use of animals within research?

Answer 2

-Viewed as experimental subjects
-Tends to be used for medicine e.g. diseases and disorders of nervous system

Question 3

What animals can be used within animal research?

Answer 3

-Dogs, cats, horses, pigs, rabbits, guinea pigs, ferrets, bird (e.g. chickens), fish (e.g. zebrafish), reptiles, mice and rats

Question 4

What things need to be considered when using animals?

Answer 4

-Minimum number required to obtain valid use
-If pain exceeds a momentary pain then they should be under anaesthesia
-If needed, animals should be killed humanely
-Minimum stress, pain and discomfort

Question 5

What is one of the historical benefits of animal use?

Answer 5

-Medical advancements
-E.g. combating pandemics, understanding anatomy and cardiovascular and nervous system

Question 6

What is the other historical benefit of animal use?

Answer 6

-Psychological advancements
-E.g. understanding sensori-motor systems, learning and memory, brain and behaviour, social and attachment theories, treatment of disorders

Question 7

How were transplants implemented?

Answer 7

-First successful one in 1954
-NHS (2017) say that there is now more than 50,000 people who are alive due to organ donations and transplants

Question 8

What type of humans did research used to be conducted on?

Answer 8

-Poor people
-Blind people
-Slaves
-Prisoners of war
-Mentally ill

Question 9

What things need to be considered when using humans in research?

Answer 9

-Ensure there’s no long term damage
-Reward needs to be worth any risk
-Any momentary pain means they should be under anaesthesia
-Minimum number required to obtain valid use

Question 10

Describe the Los Alamos Plutonium Experiment (1945-1947)

Answer 10

-18 people were unknowingly injected with plutonium during GP visits
-Research was conducted in the same lab which snatched, dissected and circulated the body of Cecil Kelley after exposure to lethal radiation

Question 11

Describe the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (1932-1972)

Answer 11

-Individuals infected with Syphilis
-Deceived as placebos were given
-One of many studies where people have been unknowingly injected