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PHR 936 Neurology B1 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebral cortex is divided into four main lobes: the ______, ______, ______, and ______ lobes.

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

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2
Q

The main function of the ______ is motor control, balance, and coordination.

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

The limbic system is primarily responsible for ______ and ______.

A

emotion, memory

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4
Q

The ______ is a structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and facilitates communication between them.

A

Corpus Callosum

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5
Q

The ______ system controls voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, and habit learning.

A

Basal Ganglia

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6
Q

The ______ is a part of the limbic system that plays a key role in emotional responses, particularly fear.

A

Amygdala

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7
Q

The primary motor cortex is located in the ______ gyrus, while the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ______ gyrus.

A

precentral, postcentral

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8
Q

The ______ nucleus is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms.

A

Suprachiasmatic

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9
Q

______ is a major neurotransmitter system in the brain that is related to learning, reward, and addiction.

A

Dopaminergic system

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10
Q

The ______ relays sensory information from all receptors (except olfactory) to the brain for processing.

A

Thalamus

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11
Q

The ______ gland is responsible for secreting melatonin and regulating circadian rhythms.

A

Pineal

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12
Q

The ______ hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

The ______ is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A

Corpus Callosum

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14
Q

______ describes the brain’s ability to change and adapt as a result of experience.

A

Neuroplasticity

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15
Q

______ cortex is involved in planning complex cognitive behavior and decision-making.

A

Prefrontal

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16
Q

The ______ plays a crucial role in memory consolidation.

A

Hippocampus

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17
Q

The ______ area is involved in speech production.

A

Broca’s area

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18
Q

The ______ area is involved in language comprehension.

A

Wernicke’s area

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19
Q

The ______ system regulates fear, arousal, and emotional responses.

A

Limbic

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20
Q

The ______ is involved in procedural learning and motor coordination.

A

Cerebellum

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21
Q

______ is the brain’s largest white matter structure.

A

Corpus Callosum

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22
Q

The ______ regulates autonomic functions such as heart rate and blood pressure.

A

Medulla Oblongata

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23
Q

______ is a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and memory.

A

Acetylcholine

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24
Q

The ______ is responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response.

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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25
Q

The ______ system is responsible for detecting touch, temperature, and pain.

A

Somatosensory

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26
Q

The ______ cortex is primarily responsible for visual processing.

A

Occipital

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27
Q

The ______ regulates emotions, particularly fear and aggression.

A

Amygdala

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28
Q

The ______ is involved in motor control and movement regulation.

A

Basal Ganglia

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29
Q

______ is a part of the brainstem that regulates sleep and arousal.

A

Pons

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30
Q

The ______ regulates the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

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31
Q

______ is a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation and emotional stability.

A

Serotonin

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32
Q

The ______ regulates voluntary movements and fine motor control.

A

Cerebellum

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33
Q

The ______ cortex processes sensory information from the skin.

A

Somatosensory

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34
Q

The ______ system controls mood, memory, and behavior.

A

Limbic

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35
Q

The ______ is involved in eye movement and auditory reflexes.

A

Midbrain

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36
Q

The ______ lobe is involved in processing auditory information.

A

Temporal

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37
Q

The ______ is a large, C-shaped nerve fiber bundle in the brain.

A

Corpus Callosum

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38
Q

The ______ ventricle is located between the pons and the cerebellum.

A

Fourth

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39
Q

The ______ nucleus controls the release of hormones related to circadian rhythms.

A

Suprachiasmatic

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40
Q

The ______ is involved in processing emotions such as pleasure and reward.

A

Ventral Tegmental Area

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41
Q

The ______ system is responsible for transmitting pain signals from the body to the brain.

A

Nociceptive

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42
Q

The ______ is responsible for the consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory.

A

Hippocampus

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43
Q

The ______ cortex is responsible for decision-making and higher cognitive functions.

A

Prefrontal

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44
Q

The ______ is a group of structures involved in movement control and reward processing.

A

Basal Ganglia

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45
Q

The ______ system processes information related to smell.

A

Olfactory

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46
Q

The ______ cortex is involved in visual recognition.

A

Visual

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47
Q

The ______ regulates sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

48
Q

The ______ plays a key role in motor learning and coordination.

A

Cerebellum

49
Q

The ______ is responsible for language comprehension.

A

Wernicke’s Area

50
Q

The ______ region is critical for controlling emotional responses, particularly fear.

A

Amygdala

51
Q

The ______ system is responsible for processing emotions and memory.

A

Limbic

52
Q

The ______ is part of the brainstem that helps regulate autonomic functions.

A

Medulla Oblongata

53
Q

The ______ is involved in the regulation of sleep and consciousness.

A

Pons

54
Q

The ______ controls balance, coordination, and voluntary movement.

A

Cerebellum

55
Q

The ______ region of the brainstem controls reflexive actions such as breathing and heartbeat.

A

Medulla

56
Q

The ______ is responsible for arousal, attention, and the sleep-wake cycle.

A

Reticular Activating System

57
Q

The ______ transmits motor and sensory information between the brain and the body.

A

Spinal Cord

58
Q

The ______ is involved in the processing of sensory information related to touch.

A

Somatosensory Cortex

59
Q

The ______ controls hormone secretion from the pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

60
Q

The ______ region of the brain processes visual information.

A

Occipital Lobe

61
Q

The ______ cortex is involved in planning and executing movements.

A

Motor Cortex

62
Q

The ______ connects the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication.

A

Corpus Callosum

63
Q

The ______ lobe is involved in processing visual information.

A

Occipital Lobe

64
Q

The ______ is critical for maintaining posture and balance.

A

Cerebellum

65
Q

The ______ regulates temperature, thirst, hunger, and circadian rhythms.

A

Hypothalamus

66
Q

The ______ plays a role in the control of voluntary motor movements.

A

Basal Ganglia

67
Q

The ______ is responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate and breathing.

A

Medulla Oblongata

68
Q

The ______ system is involved in learning and memory.

A

Limbic System

69
Q

The ______ nucleus is involved in regulating circadian rhythms.

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

70
Q

The ______ system includes the amygdala and hippocampus and is involved in emotion and memory.

A

Limbic System

71
Q

The ______ lobe of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and problem-solving.

A

Frontal Lobe

72
Q

The ______ gyrus is responsible for primary motor functions.

A

Precentral Gyrus

73
Q

The ______ gyrus is responsible for processing somatosensory information.

A

Postcentral Gyrus

74
Q

The ______ system is responsible for emotion and memory.

A

Limbic System

75
Q

The ______ is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Choroid Plexus

76
Q

The ______ system includes structures such as the thalamus and hypothalamus.

A

Diencephalon

77
Q

The ______ gland is responsible for the secretion of melatonin.

A

Pineal Gland

78
Q

The ______ is a structure involved in regulating motor functions and learning.

A

Basal Ganglia

79
Q

The ______ is the main area responsible for processing visual information.

A

Occipital Lobe

80
Q

The ______ connects the brain to the spinal cord and is involved in autonomic functions.

A

Brainstem

81
Q

The ______ system includes structures that are essential for emotional regulation and memory formation.

A

Limbic System

82
Q

The ______ is involved in processing sensory information from the face and mouth.

A

Trigeminal Nerve

83
Q

The ______ system consists of structures like the hippocampus and amygdala.

A

Limbic

84
Q

The ______ plays a key role in regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

A

Hypothalamus

85
Q

The ______ lobes are responsible for processing auditory information and memory.

A

Temporal

86
Q

The ______ artery supplies blood to the majority of the cerebral cortex.

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

87
Q

The ______ is the outermost layer of the meninges, protecting the brain and spinal cord.

A

Dura Mater

88
Q

The ______ are grooves found on the surface of the brain, increasing its surface area.

A

Sulci

89
Q

The ______ is the bundle of nerves that controls voluntary muscle movements.

A

Corticospinal Tract

90
Q

The ______ lobes are involved in planning, decision making, and personality expression.

A

Frontal

91
Q

The ______ gyrus is involved in the processing of visual information.

A

Calcarine Gyrus

92
Q

The ______ is the primary relay station for sensory signals except for olfaction.

A

Thalamus

93
Q

The ______ system is primarily involved in processing olfactory (smell) information.

A

Olfactory

94
Q

The ______ lobe is primarily responsible for processing spatial and navigational information.

A

Parietal

95
Q

The ______ controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

A

Primary Motor Cortex

96
Q

The ______ is the structure that plays a role in fear, pleasure, and aggression.

A

Amygdala

97
Q

The ______ gyrus is responsible for processing primary sensory information.

A

Postcentral Gyrus

98
Q

The ______ are the protective coverings surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

A

Meninges

99
Q

The ______ is a fluid-filled cavity in the brain that helps cushion the brain.

A

Ventricle

100
Q

The ______ is a structure in the brain involved in sleep-wake cycles and consciousness.

A

Reticular Formation

101
Q

The ______ is involved in the control of breathing and other vital functions.

A

Medulla Oblongata

102
Q

The ______ is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and balance.

A

Cerebellum

103
Q

The ______ cortex is involved in processing pain and touch sensations.

A

Somatosensory Cortex

104
Q

The ______ system processes emotional reactions and memory.

A

Limbic

105
Q

The ______ controls the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

106
Q

The ______ is the brain structure involved in forming new memories.

A

Hippocampus

107
Q

The ______ is responsible for the regulation of circadian rhythms.

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

108
Q

The ______ artery supplies blood to the occipital lobe.

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery

109
Q

The ______ forms the protective barrier between the blood and brain.

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

110
Q

The ______ system is involved in detecting changes in the body’s internal and external environment.

A

Sensory

111
Q

The ______ cortex is the main region for processing auditory information.

A

Auditory Cortex

112
Q

The ______ region of the brainstem is responsible for regulating consciousness.

A

Reticular Formation

113
Q

The ______ plays a role in voluntary movement coordination.

A

Basal Ganglia

114
Q

The ______ is a large, C-shaped nerve fiber bundle in the brain.

A

Corpus Callosum

115
Q

The ______ regulates hormone secretion from the posterior pituitary.

A

Hypothalamus

PHR 936 Neurology B1 (6 decks)

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