Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHR 936 Neurology B1 > Meningitis > Flashcards

Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the ______.

A

meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bacterial meningitis is most commonly caused by ______ in adults.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Meningitis can be classified as ______ or ______ depending on the causative pathogen.

A

bacterial, viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Viral meningitis is also known as ______ meningitis.

A

aseptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A common risk factor for meningitis is ______, which can increase susceptibility to infection.

A

immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In children, the most common bacterial cause of meningitis is ______.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The classic triad of symptoms in meningitis includes fever, neck stiffness, and ______.

A

altered mental status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ is a test where pain is elicited upon passive extension of the knee, indicating possible meningitis.

A

Kernig’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______ sign involves involuntary flexion of the hips when the neck is flexed forward.

A

Brudzinski’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In infants, meningitis may present with irritability, poor feeding, and a ______ fontanelle.

A

bulging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ onset of symptoms is more common in bacterial meningitis than viral meningitis.

A

Rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Meningitis can occur due to ______ spread of pathogens from the bloodstream to the central nervous system.

A

hematogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Direct contiguous spread of infection to the meninges can occur through sinusitis, otitis media, or ______.

A

trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The inflammation in bacterial meningitis is primarily caused by the release of ______ from immune cells.

A

cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neonatal bacterial meningitis is often caused by ______ during delivery.

A

Group B Streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aseptic meningitis is usually caused by viral infections, including enteroviruses and ______ virus.

A

herpes simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The most definitive test for meningitis is a ______ puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid.

A

lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In bacterial meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis shows low ______ levels and high protein levels.

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In viral meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis typically shows normal glucose and increased ______ count.

A

lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Empiric antibiotic therapy for bacterial meningitis should include coverage for ______, particularly in elderly patients.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

______ is a common adjunctive treatment for bacterial meningitis to reduce inflammation.

A

Dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Antiviral therapy, such as ______, is indicated in cases of viral meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus.

A

acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vaccination against ______ and Neisseria meningitidis has significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial meningitis.

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The ______ vaccine is recommended for college students and military recruits to prevent Neisseria meningitidis infections.

A

meningococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

______ vaccination is recommended for older adults to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.

A

Pneumococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A serious complication of bacterial meningitis is ______, a condition involving widespread blood clotting and bleeding.

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Long-term complications of bacterial meningitis can include hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and ______.

A

seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

______ is a life-threatening complication of meningitis characterized by rapid onset of shock and multi-organ failure.

A

Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

______ syndrome is a complication of Neisseria meningitidis meningitis involving adrenal hemorrhage and shock.

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis with antibiotics reduces the risk of ______ and improves outcomes.

A

mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the ______.

A

meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Bacterial meningitis is most commonly caused by ______ in adults.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Meningitis can be classified as ______ or ______ depending on the causative pathogen.

A

bacterial, viral

34
Q

Viral meningitis is also known as ______ meningitis.

A

aseptic

35
Q

A common risk factor for meningitis is ______, which can increase susceptibility to infection.

A

immunosuppression

36
Q

In children, the most common bacterial cause of meningitis is ______.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

37
Q

The classic triad of symptoms in meningitis includes fever, neck stiffness, and ______.

A

altered mental status

38
Q

______ is a test where pain is elicited upon passive extension of the knee, indicating possible meningitis.

A

Kernig’s sign

39
Q

______ sign involves involuntary flexion of the hips when the neck is flexed forward.

A

Brudzinski’s

40
Q

In infants, meningitis may present with irritability, poor feeding, and a ______ fontanelle.

A

bulging

41
Q

______ onset of symptoms is more common in bacterial meningitis than viral meningitis.

A

Rapid

42
Q

Meningitis can occur due to ______ spread of pathogens from the bloodstream to the central nervous system.

A

hematogenous

43
Q

Direct contiguous spread of infection to the meninges can occur through sinusitis, otitis media, or ______.

A

trauma

44
Q

The inflammation in bacterial meningitis is primarily caused by the release of ______ from immune cells.

A

cytokines

45
Q

Neonatal bacterial meningitis is often caused by ______ during delivery.

A

Group B Streptococcus

46
Q

Aseptic meningitis is usually caused by viral infections, including enteroviruses and ______ virus.

A

herpes simplex

47
Q

The most definitive test for meningitis is a ______ puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid.

A

lumbar

48
Q

In bacterial meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis shows low ______ levels and high protein levels.

A

glucose

49
Q

In viral meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis typically shows normal glucose and increased ______ count.

A

lymphocyte

50
Q

Empiric antibiotic therapy for bacterial meningitis should include coverage for ______, particularly in elderly patients.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

51
Q

______ is a common adjunctive treatment for bacterial meningitis to reduce inflammation.

A

Dexamethasone

52
Q

Antiviral therapy, such as ______, is indicated in cases of viral meningitis caused by herpes simplex virus.

A

acyclovir

53
Q

Vaccination against ______ and Neisseria meningitidis has significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial meningitis.

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

54
Q

The ______ vaccine is recommended for college students and military recruits to prevent Neisseria meningitidis infections.

A

meningococcal

55
Q

______ vaccination is recommended for older adults to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.

A

Pneumococcal

56
Q

A serious complication of bacterial meningitis is ______, a condition involving widespread blood clotting and bleeding.

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

57
Q

Long-term complications of bacterial meningitis can include hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and ______.

A

seizures

58
Q

______ is a life-threatening complication of meningitis characterized by rapid onset of shock and multi-organ failure.

A

Sepsis

59
Q

______ syndrome is a complication of Neisseria meningitidis meningitis involving adrenal hemorrhage and shock.

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

60
Q

Prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis with antibiotics reduces the risk of ______ and improves outcomes.

A

mortality

61
Q

Bacterial meningitis is associated with elevated ______ in the cerebrospinal fluid.

A

white blood cell count

62
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure is typically ______ in patients with bacterial meningitis.

A

increased

63
Q

______ is a common cause of meningitis in unvaccinated children under the age of five.

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

64
Q

The most common viral causes of aseptic meningitis include enteroviruses and ______.

A

mumps virus

65
Q

______ is an infection of the spinal cord that can present similarly to meningitis but involves primarily motor neuron damage.

A

Poliomyelitis

66
Q

Patients with suspected meningitis should undergo a ______ scan before a lumbar puncture if there is concern for increased intracranial pressure.

A

CT

67
Q

In adults, meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis is often associated with a ______ rash.

A

petechial

68
Q

The ______ is the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane where cerebrospinal fluid circulates.

A

subarachnoid space

69
Q

______ is a severe inflammatory response that can occur in bacterial meningitis and lead to rapid deterioration.

A

Septic shock

70
Q

The hallmark findings of bacterial meningitis on cerebrospinal fluid analysis include ______ protein and ______ glucose levels.

A

elevated, low

71
Q

Close contacts of patients with Neisseria meningitidis meningitis should receive ______ prophylaxis to reduce the risk of transmission.

A

rifampin

72
Q

______ is a type of fungal meningitis most commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV.

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

73
Q

Tuberculous meningitis is caused by ______ and typically presents with a more insidious onset than bacterial meningitis.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

74
Q

______ staining is used to identify the causative agent in cases of cryptococcal meningitis.

A

India ink

75
Q

Bacterial meningitis is considered a medical emergency, and treatment should be initiated ______ cerebrospinal fluid results.

A

before

76
Q

The opening pressure of cerebrospinal fluid during lumbar puncture is typically ______ in bacterial meningitis.

A

elevated

77
Q

______ is the gold standard method for confirming the diagnosis of viral meningitis.

A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

78
Q

In bacterial meningitis, the cerebrospinal fluid typically appears ______ due to the presence of inflammatory cells.

A

cloudy

79
Q

Patients with bacterial meningitis may exhibit ______, a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing.

A

orthostatic hypotension

80
Q

______ is an autoimmune complication of viral meningitis that can cause progressive paralysis.

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

PHR 936 Neurology B1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions