Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Nervous System Organization
CNS: brain and spinal cord
PNS: cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Cerebral Hemispheres (4)
- Frontal Lobe: motor cortex
- Parietal Lobe: somatosensory cortex
- Temporal Lobe: auditory cortex
- Occipital Lobe: visual cortex
Brain Stem
Midbrain + pons + medulla
dorsal part called the “tegmentum”
Diencephalon
Thalamus + Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
2 hemispheres that smooth and coordinate limb movement
Gray matter
White matter
Striatum and Substantia Nigra
Part of the basal ganglia which is a “motor feedback pathway”
Lesions = two major types of “movement disorders”
- parkinsonism: too few movements
- chorea: too many movements
Spinal Cord Regions
- Cervical (arms)
- Thoracic (trunk)
- Lumbar (legs)
- Sacral (“saddle”)
Sensory Neurons
AFFERENT
Transmit information about external and internal environments from periphery to CNS
Motor Neurons
EFFERENT
Transmit “instructions” from CNS to periphery
Neurotransmission Steps
- Synthesis and storage of NT
- Release of NT by exocytosis
- Diffusion of NT to postsynaptic cell
- Binding of NT to receptors on postsynaptic cell, initiating a response
- Termination of action of NT
In general, the left hemisphere is involved with functions on the ___ and the right hemisphere is involved with functions on the ___
In general, the left hemisphere is involved with functions on the RIGHT and the right hemisphere is involved with functions on the LEFT
In most pathways, there is a “decussation”, where one neuron in pathway ____
Crosses the midline
A lesion anywhere in the pathway can cause predictable _____, and in some cases, “positive signs/symptoms” (e.g., pain)
Negative signs/symptoms (deficit in function)
