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year 2 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

whats the structure called that separates the different lobes in the brain?

A

fissures

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2
Q

what does diencephalon consist of

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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3
Q

explain function of thalamus and hypothalamus

A

thalamus: relays and processes sensory info
hypothalamus: hormone production, controls emotions, autonomic

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4
Q

function of limbic system

A

creating short term memories, emotions, behaviour

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5
Q

whats the brainstem called

A

truncus encephali

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6
Q

which function is basal ganglia known for

A

movement

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7
Q

how many nerves are purely sensory? how many purely motor?

A

S: 3
M: 5
Both: 4

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8
Q

whats the brainstem called

A

truncus encephali

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9
Q

whats spinal cord otherwise

A

medulla spinalis

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10
Q

difference between sulci and fissures

A

sulci: smaller separation lines
fissures: bigger lines

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11
Q

which structure separates the different lobes?

A

fissures

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12
Q

explain function of frontal lobe

A

memory
language
motor function
problem solving
spontaneity

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13
Q

explain function of occipital lobe

A

process visual info

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14
Q

explain function of parietal lobe

A

proprioception - posture, movement stability
spatial orientation
senses - sense, temp

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15
Q

explain function of temporal lobe

A

hearing
visual perception
language comprehension
memory
concentration

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16
Q

explain impaired brocas area

A

hard to produce fluent language and sentences

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17
Q

explain impaired wernickes area

A

hard to make sense (talk too much but doesnt make sense)

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18
Q

name the artery important in brain

A

common carotid artery

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19
Q

are descending tracts pyramidal or extrapyramidal?

A

pyramidal

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20
Q

when theres lesion in corticospinal tract, what impairments do you see?

A

spastic gait - hip hike gait

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21
Q

from descending pyramidal tracts 10-20% fibers do not cross. what are these for? what are the other 80-90% for?

A

trunk control

others are for distal limbs and muscles

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22
Q

how does spinothalamic ascneding tract travel?

A

sensory info - through thalamus - somatosensory cortex

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23
Q

do fibers of spinocerebella r tract cross over ? if so, where?

A

no they dont cross

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24
Q

explain the division of PNS

A

PNS divides further into autonomic NS and somatic NS

autonomic NS divides into sympathetic vs parasympathetic

somatic NS divides into sensory vs motor

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25
Q

when is there pupil dilatation - sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

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26
Q

goosebumps are an example of parasympathetic or sympathetic NS?

A

sympathetic

27
Q

name 3 meninges

A

dura mater - attached to bony structure of skulkl
arachnoid
pia mater (attached to brain tissue, inner)

28
Q

where else in the body can you find the 3 meninges other than the brain?

A

around spinal cord

29
Q

name the 4 steps to recovery in mobility after a stroke.

A
  1. sitting balance
  2. stand up/sit down
  3. standing balance
  4. walking
30
Q

formulating words - problem with which area of the brain?

A

broca’s area

31
Q

why is circle of willis important

A

supplies oxygenated blood to over 80% of cerebrum.
its this circle part of the brain

32
Q

name 3 important arteries that supply the cerebrum

A

ant, middle and post cerebral artery

33
Q

cerebral arterial circle is known as the?

A

circle of willis

34
Q

name 4 structures involved in limbic system

A

hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus

35
Q

whats does hypothalamus do?

A

regulate autonomic nervous system - fight or flight or rest and digest

36
Q

function of hippocampus?

A

memory

37
Q

name an example of a basal ganglia disease? how does it manifest itself?

A

parkinsons; involuntary movements

38
Q

mnemonics for sensory or motor cranial nerve

A

some say money matters but my brother says big brains matter more

39
Q

whats diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

40
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

controls emotions and hormone production and autonomic nervous system

41
Q

which 2 structures in the brain are involved in short term memory

A

amygdala, hippocampus

42
Q

what makes up the striatum

A

caudate nuclei, putamen (basal ganglia parts)

43
Q

function of basal ganglia

A

motor control and learning, executive functions, behavior

44
Q

explain division of PNS

A

PNS - motor efferent division - divides into
1. somatic NS
2. autonomic NS

then autonomic divides further into
1. sympathetic (fight or flight)
2. parasympathetic (rest and digest)

45
Q

where are the secondary centers of the parasympathetic system located?

A

truncus encephali (pons) and sacral spinal cord

46
Q

where are the secondary centers of the sympathetic system located?

A

in C7-L2

47
Q

whys circle of willis so important

A

supplies oxygenated blood to over 80% of cerebrum

48
Q

which part of brainstem controls eye movement

A

midbrain

49
Q

function of limbic system

A

short term memory, emotions, behaviour

50
Q

which part of brain is responsible for short term mempory and which for emotions (limbic system)?

A

memory: hippocampus
emotions: amygdala

51
Q

hows corpus striatum is composed and which part of brain is it a part of?

A

part of basal ganglia

compsoed of
- putamen
- caudate nucleus

52
Q

which part of brainstem regulates ANS?

A

medulla oblongata

53
Q

which cranial nerve is involved in kissing

A

cranial nerve 12, hypoglossal (M): muscles of tongue

54
Q

difference in function between hypothalamus and hippocampus

A

hypo: ANS fight or flight, rest and digest
hippo: memories

55
Q

mnenomic for cranial nerves

A

oh oh oh to touch and feel very green vegetables ah heaven
o-olfactory
- optic
o- oculomotor
t - trochlear
t- trigeminal
a-abducens
f-facial
v-vestibulocochlear
g-glossopharyngeal
v- vagus
a-accessory
h- hypoglossal

56
Q

function of each cranial nerve

A
  1. olfactory: smell
  2. optic: sight
  3. oculomotor: eye movement
  4. trochlear: eye movement
    5.trigeminal: face and mouth
  5. a-abducens: eye muscle
    7.facial: facial expressions
    8.vestibulocochlear: balance hearing
  6. glossopharyngeal: swallowing,taste
  7. vagus: parasympathetic (rest and digest) innervatiion thoracic and abdominal
  8. accessory: neck muscles
  9. hypoglossal: tongue muscles
57
Q

which ascending tract crosses immediately in spinal cord?

A

spinothalamic trct

58
Q

difference between pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts

A

pyramidal: travel thru pyramids of medulla; voluntary muscle control; originate in cortical areas

extrapyramidal: do not travel thru pyramids of medulla; involuntary muscle control; originate in brainstem

58
Q

difference between pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts

A

pyramidal: travel thru pyramids of medulla; voluntary muscle control; originate in cortical areas

extrapyramidal: do not travel thru pyramids of medulla; involuntary muscle control; originate in brainstem

59
Q

name pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts

A

pyramidal
- corticospinal
-corticobulbar

extrapyramidal
- tectospinal
-vestibulospinal
-rubrospinal
-reticulospinal

60
Q

name each ascending tract and where they cross over

A

spinocerebellar: does not cross
spinothalamic: cross in spinal cord
dorsal column: cross medulla

61
Q

crossover site for pyramidal tracts

A

medulla oblongata
except anterior corticospinal tract- which does not cross over

62
Q

lesion in which tract leads to hip hike/circumduction gait and babinski reflex?

A

corticospinal tract

year 2 (6 decks)

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