Neuroanatomical structures of Affective Disorders

Question 1

What is the function of Broadman area 10 and how else is it known?

Answer 1

Frontal polar Cortex
Anterior Rostral Medial Prefrontal Cortex

1: Menatalising (understanding mental states of characters)
2: Person perception-are people dependable
3: Self Perception-Questions about own long term disposition

Question 2

What areas of the brain can lead to inappropriate behaviour?

Answer 2

Right anterior temporal
Dementia and neurodegeneration

Ventral medial PFC

Question 3

What have been the surprising results of amygdala damage?

Answer 3

That the behaviour effected is more subtle.

Gambling task shows more risky behaviour-

Function: Detect Emotionally salient stimuli positive and negative as it has different parts and function.

Question 4

What areas did Nauta’s definition of the Limbic system include?

Answer 4

Subcortical regions:

Amygdala, hypothalamus (hormonal), septal region.

Cortical Regions:

Orbifrontal Cortex:
Part of VMPFC
Social behaviour

Hippocampus
Memory and emotion

Also:
Basal Ganglia
Neocortex

Question 5

What areas do not lead to abnormal behaviour when damaged?

Answer 5

Posterior areas.

Alzheimer’s here retains memory and behaviour.

Instead Visual issues

Question 6

What is a prefronto-straito-thalamic loop?

Answer 6

Closed loops that connect frontal cortex are linked to subcortical structures.

EG:
Dorsal FC connected -Striatum(Caudate nucleus and Putamen-bridges)-Thalamus

Lateral Orbifrontal and anterior cingulate- Relevant to limbic structure.

Question 7

What did Parkinson’s disease teach us about affective disorders?

Answer 7

Parkinsons is related to dopaminergic systems that project to the substantial Nigra.

However, there are also dopaminergic projections to the Ventral Tegemental area.

Parkinsons suffers are not all depressed or anxious.

Monoaminergic and GLutamanergic systems also play a role in Depression.

Therefore differing loops may have effects on affects.