Neuro VIII Flashcards
alzheimers
extracellular B-amyloid plaque
intracranial hemorrhage - A-B amyloid -f rom cleaving APP protein (CH 21)
neurofibrillary tangles
-intracellular - hyperP tau protein - insoluble
apoE2
low risk alzheimers
apoE4
higher risk alzheimers
risk early onset alzheimers
APP
presenilin-1
presenilin-2
down syndrome
risk alzheimers - CH21 - APP protein
frontotemporal dementia
spare parietal lobe and posterior 2/3 superior temporal gyrus
aka picks
silver stain tau aggregate -pick body
lewy body dementia
hallucination
a-synuclein defect - lewy bodies
PrP-c
normal prion - alpha pleated
to abnormal - PrP-sc - beta-pleated
multiple sclerosis
loss vision - marcus gunn pupil
INO - nystagmus
hemiparesis
bowel/bladder incontinent
relapse/remit
live far from equator
findings in MS
oligoclonal bands of IgG - CSF - diagnostic
MRI -gold standard
periventricular plaques - oligodendrocyte loss and reactive gliosis
tx MS
disease modifying - B-IFN, natalizumab
tx acute flare - steroid
guillan barre syndrome
destroy schwann - demyelination
ascending weakness/paralysis
after campylobacter infection
elevated CSF protein with normal cell count
prognosis - recover completely weeks to months
tx - resp support
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
periventricle inflammation and demyelination
after infection/vaccination
charcot-marie-tooth disease
defective production proteins in structure and fxn of peripheral nerves or myelin sheath
auto dom - with scoliosis and foot deformity
krabbe disease
auto rec
deficient galactocerebrosidase
accumulation of galactocerebroside and psychosine
-destroy myelin sheath
metachromatic leukocystrophy
auto rec
arylsulfatase A deficieny
accumulation sulfatides
impaired production destruction of myelin sheath
progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy
PML
demyelination CNS - destroy oligodendrocytes
JC virus
in AIDS patient
risk fx - rituximab and natalizumab
adrenoleukodystrophy
X-linked genetic - affect male
disrupted metabolism - very long chain FAs
build up NS, adrenals, testes
long term coma/death
and adrenal crisis
partial seizure
focal
affect single area of brain
simple - consciousness intact
complex - loss of consciousness
epilepsy
recurrent seizures
status epilepticus
continuous recurring seizure - 10-30min
generalized seizure
entire brain
absence - petit mal - blank stare myoclonic - quick jerks tonic-clonic - grand mal - stiff and moveing tonic - stiff atonic - drop - fall to floor
cluster HA
unilateral
periorbital pain
lacrimation/rhinorrhea
may induce horner
more in males
with trigeminal neuralgia
tx O2, triptan
tension HA
bilateral - tx analgesic - NSAID, acetaminophen
