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Board Review - C - Neuro > Neuro VIII > Flashcards

Neuro VIII Flashcards

1
Q

alzheimers

A

extracellular B-amyloid plaque

intracranial hemorrhage - A-B amyloid -f rom cleaving APP protein (CH 21)

neurofibrillary tangles
-intracellular - hyperP tau protein - insoluble

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2
Q

apoE2

A

low risk alzheimers

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3
Q

apoE4

A

higher risk alzheimers

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4
Q

risk early onset alzheimers

A

APP
presenilin-1
presenilin-2

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5
Q

down syndrome

A

risk alzheimers - CH21 - APP protein

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6
Q

frontotemporal dementia

A

spare parietal lobe and posterior 2/3 superior temporal gyrus

aka picks

silver stain tau aggregate -pick body

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7
Q

lewy body dementia

A

hallucination

a-synuclein defect - lewy bodies

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8
Q

PrP-c

A

normal prion - alpha pleated

to abnormal - PrP-sc - beta-pleated

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9
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

loss vision - marcus gunn pupil

INO - nystagmus

hemiparesis
bowel/bladder incontinent

relapse/remit

live far from equator

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10
Q

findings in MS

A

oligoclonal bands of IgG - CSF - diagnostic

MRI -gold standard

periventricular plaques - oligodendrocyte loss and reactive gliosis

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11
Q

tx MS

A

disease modifying - B-IFN, natalizumab

tx acute flare - steroid

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12
Q

guillan barre syndrome

A

destroy schwann - demyelination

ascending weakness/paralysis

after campylobacter infection

elevated CSF protein with normal cell count

prognosis - recover completely weeks to months

tx - resp support

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13
Q

acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

A

periventricle inflammation and demyelination

after infection/vaccination

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14
Q

charcot-marie-tooth disease

A

defective production proteins in structure and fxn of peripheral nerves or myelin sheath

auto dom - with scoliosis and foot deformity

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15
Q

krabbe disease

A

auto rec

deficient galactocerebrosidase
accumulation of galactocerebroside and psychosine
-destroy myelin sheath

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16
Q

metachromatic leukocystrophy

A

auto rec

arylsulfatase A deficieny

accumulation sulfatides

impaired production destruction of myelin sheath

17
Q

progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy

A

PML

demyelination CNS - destroy oligodendrocytes

JC virus

in AIDS patient

risk fx - rituximab and natalizumab

18
Q

adrenoleukodystrophy

A

X-linked genetic - affect male

disrupted metabolism - very long chain FAs

build up NS, adrenals, testes

long term coma/death

and adrenal crisis

19
Q

partial seizure

A

focal

affect single area of brain

simple - consciousness intact
complex - loss of consciousness

20
Q

epilepsy

A

recurrent seizures

21
Q

status epilepticus

A

continuous recurring seizure - 10-30min

22
Q

generalized seizure

A

entire brain

absence - petit mal - blank stare
myoclonic - quick jerks
tonic-clonic - grand mal - stiff and moveing
tonic - stiff
atonic - drop - fall to floor
23
Q

cluster HA

A

unilateral

periorbital pain
lacrimation/rhinorrhea

may induce horner

more in males

with trigeminal neuralgia
tx O2, triptan

24
Q

tension HA

A

bilateral - tx analgesic - NSAID, acetaminophen

25
Q

migraine HA

A

unilateral

pulsating
photophobia, phonophobia
aura
irritation CN V, meninges, blood vessels

release of substance P, vasoactive peptides

26
Q

tx of migraine

A

abortive - triptan, NSAID

prophylaxis - B-block, topiramate, CCB, amitriptyline

27
Q

peripheral vertigo

A

inner ear problem

position test - horizontal nystagmus delayed

28
Q

central vertigo

A

brain stem lesion

positional test - nystagmus any direction

29
Q

sturge weber syndrome

A

developmental problem neural crest - activating mutation in GNAQ gene

port wine stain of face

I/L leptomeningal angioma - seizure/epilepsy, intellect defect

30
Q

tuberous sclerosis

A 
hamartomas CNS and skin
angiofibromas
mitral regurg
ash leaf spot
cardiac rhabdomyoma
auto dom
mental retard
seizure
shagreen patch

increased incidence subependymal astrocytomas and ungal fibroma

31
Q

NF1

A

von-reckinghausen

auto dom
cafe au lait
lisch nodule
cutaneous neurofibromas
-CH 17 - neurofibromin gene

skin tumors - neural crest

32
Q

von hippel lindau disease

A

hemangioblastoma
retina, BS, cerebellum, spine

angiomatosis

B/L renal cell carcinoma
pheochromocytoma

Board Review - C - Neuro (9 decks)

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