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Board Review - C - Neuro > Neuro I > Flashcards

Neuro I Flashcards

1
Q

neuro embryo

A

notochord - induce ectoderm to become neuroectoderm and neural plate
-neural plate divide to neural tube and neural crest

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2
Q

notochord

A

nucleus pulposus

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3
Q

alar and basal plate

A

alar - dorsal - sensory

basal - ventral - motor

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4
Q

brain region embryo

A

prosencephalon - telencephalon and diencephalon
mesencephalon - mesencephalon
rhombencephalon - metencephalon, myelencephalon

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5
Q

telencephalon

A

CN I
cerebral hemisphere
lateral ventricle

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6
Q

diencephalon

A

CN II
thalamus
third ventricle

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7
Q

mesencephalon

A

CN III and CN IV - 3 and 4
midbrain
aqueduct

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8
Q

metencephalon

A

CN V and VI - 5 and 6
pons and cerebellum
upper part fourth ventricle

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9
Q

myelencephalon

A

CN VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII - 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
medulla
lower part fourth ventricle

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10
Q

CN parts of brain

A

1-1-2-2-6

di, tel, mes, met, my

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11
Q

neural crest

A

PNS neuron

schwann cells

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12
Q

mesoderm

A

microglia - from mesoderm

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13
Q

neuroectoerm

A

CNS neurons
ependymal cell- line ventricle and make CSF
oligodendroglia
astrocytes

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14
Q

neural tube defect

A

elevated AFP and AChE in amniotic fluid

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15
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

no herniation

  • tuft of bair
  • normal AFP
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16
Q

meningocele

A

meninges through hernia

17
Q

meningomyelocele

A

meninges and neural tissue through hernia

18
Q

anencephaly

A

malformation anterior neural tube

no forebrain - open calvarium

high AFP and polyhydramnios

with DM I maternal

decreased risk - folate supps

19
Q

holoprosencephaly

A

failure R and L hemispheres separate

mutation - sonic hedgehog

moderate - cleft lip

in patau and fetal alcohol syndrome

20
Q

chiari II

A

herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum

get aqueductal stenosis
-leads to hydrocephalus

with lumbosacral meningomyelocele

21
Q

dandy-walker

A

agenesis of cerebellar vermis
-cystic enlarged 4th venricle

fills posterior fossa

hydrcephalus and spina bifida

22
Q

syringomyelia

A

cystic cavity in spinal cord
-central canal - hydromyelia

cape like loss of pain and temp in upper extremities

association - chiari malformation, trauma, tumor

23
Q

chiari I

A

cerebellar tonsillar ectopia

asymptomatic in childhood

HA and cerebellar sx

24
Q

tongue innervation

A

sensory

  • anterior 2/3 CN 5 - trigeminal - V3
  • posterio 1/3 - CN 9 - glossopharyngeal
  • root - CN 10 - vagus

taste

  • anterior 2/3 - CN 7 - facial - chorda tympani
  • posterior 1/3 - CN 9 - glossopharyngeal
  • root - CN 10 - vagus
  • to solitary nucleus

motor - CN 10 and 12
-10 - to palatoglossus - elevated posterior tongue when swallow

25
Q

anterior 2/3 tongue

A

branchial arch 1 and 2

26
Q

posterior 1/3 tongue

A

brachial arch 3 and 4

27
Q

nissl substance

A

RER of neuron

28
Q

astrocyte

A

K metabolism
remove excess NT
physical support
repair

reactive gliosis - injury response

GFAP positive

from neuroectoderm

29
Q

microglia

A

macros of CNS - mesoderm orogin

HIV infection - fuse and form multinucleated giant cell of CNS

30
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

myelin of CNS

many:1

fried egg histologically

injured in MS, PML, and leukodystrophies

31
Q

schwann cells

A

myelin of PNS

1:1

neural crest

origin cell of schwannoma
injured in GBS

32
Q

free nerve endings

A

pain and temp

C - slow unmyelinated fiber
A-delta - fast myelinated fibers - to viscera

33
Q

meissner corpuscle

A

dynamic, fine light touch
position sense

large myelinated fiber
adapt fast

34
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A

vibration and pressure
large myelinated fiber
adapt fast

35
Q

merkel disc

A

pressure
deep static touch
position sense

large myelinated fiber
adapt slow

36
Q

ruffini corpuscle

A

pressure
slippage along skin
joint angle change

dendritic ending with capsule
adapt slowly

37
Q

endoneurium

A

inflamed in GBS

invest single nerve fiber layer

38
Q

perineurium

A

permeability barrier

surround fascicle of nerve fibers

need to rejoin during microsurgery

39
Q

epineurium

A

invest entire nerve - fascicles and blood vessels

Board Review - C - Neuro (9 decks)

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