Neuro I Flashcards
neuro embryo
notochord - induce ectoderm to become neuroectoderm and neural plate
-neural plate divide to neural tube and neural crest
notochord
nucleus pulposus
alar and basal plate
alar - dorsal - sensory
basal - ventral - motor
brain region embryo
prosencephalon - telencephalon and diencephalon
mesencephalon - mesencephalon
rhombencephalon - metencephalon, myelencephalon
telencephalon
CN I
cerebral hemisphere
lateral ventricle
diencephalon
CN II
thalamus
third ventricle
mesencephalon
CN III and CN IV - 3 and 4
midbrain
aqueduct
metencephalon
CN V and VI - 5 and 6
pons and cerebellum
upper part fourth ventricle
myelencephalon
CN VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII - 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
medulla
lower part fourth ventricle
CN parts of brain
1-1-2-2-6
di, tel, mes, met, my
neural crest
PNS neuron
schwann cells
mesoderm
microglia - from mesoderm
neuroectoerm
CNS neurons
ependymal cell- line ventricle and make CSF
oligodendroglia
astrocytes
neural tube defect
elevated AFP and AChE in amniotic fluid
spina bifida occulta
no herniation
- tuft of bair
- normal AFP
meningocele
meninges through hernia
meningomyelocele
meninges and neural tissue through hernia
anencephaly
malformation anterior neural tube
no forebrain - open calvarium
high AFP and polyhydramnios
with DM I maternal
decreased risk - folate supps
holoprosencephaly
failure R and L hemispheres separate
mutation - sonic hedgehog
moderate - cleft lip
in patau and fetal alcohol syndrome
chiari II
herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum
get aqueductal stenosis
-leads to hydrocephalus
with lumbosacral meningomyelocele
dandy-walker
agenesis of cerebellar vermis
-cystic enlarged 4th venricle
fills posterior fossa
hydrcephalus and spina bifida
syringomyelia
cystic cavity in spinal cord
-central canal - hydromyelia
cape like loss of pain and temp in upper extremities
association - chiari malformation, trauma, tumor
chiari I
cerebellar tonsillar ectopia
asymptomatic in childhood
HA and cerebellar sx
tongue innervation
sensory
- anterior 2/3 CN 5 - trigeminal - V3
- posterio 1/3 - CN 9 - glossopharyngeal
- root - CN 10 - vagus
taste
- anterior 2/3 - CN 7 - facial - chorda tympani
- posterior 1/3 - CN 9 - glossopharyngeal
- root - CN 10 - vagus
- to solitary nucleus
motor - CN 10 and 12
-10 - to palatoglossus - elevated posterior tongue when swallow
anterior 2/3 tongue
branchial arch 1 and 2
posterior 1/3 tongue
brachial arch 3 and 4
nissl substance
RER of neuron
astrocyte
K metabolism
remove excess NT
physical support
repair
reactive gliosis - injury response
GFAP positive
from neuroectoderm
microglia
macros of CNS - mesoderm orogin
HIV infection - fuse and form multinucleated giant cell of CNS
oligodendrocyte
myelin of CNS
many:1
fried egg histologically
injured in MS, PML, and leukodystrophies
schwann cells
myelin of PNS
1:1
neural crest
origin cell of schwannoma
injured in GBS
free nerve endings
pain and temp
C - slow unmyelinated fiber
A-delta - fast myelinated fibers - to viscera
meissner corpuscle
dynamic, fine light touch
position sense
large myelinated fiber
adapt fast
pacinian corpuscle
vibration and pressure
large myelinated fiber
adapt fast
merkel disc
pressure
deep static touch
position sense
large myelinated fiber
adapt slow
ruffini corpuscle
pressure
slippage along skin
joint angle change
dendritic ending with capsule
adapt slowly
endoneurium
inflamed in GBS
invest single nerve fiber layer
perineurium
permeability barrier
surround fascicle of nerve fibers
need to rejoin during microsurgery
epineurium
invest entire nerve - fascicles and blood vessels
