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Board Review - C - Neuro > Neuro II > Flashcards

Neuro II Flashcards

1
Q

locus ceruleus

A

pons

source of NE

stress and panic

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2
Q

ventral tegmentum

A

dopamine

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3
Q

substantia nigra pars compacta

A

midbrain

dopamine

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4
Q

raphe nuclei

A

serotonin

pons, medulla, midbrain

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5
Q

basal nucleus of meynert

A

ACh

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6
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

GABA

reward, pleasure, addiction, fear

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7
Q

BBB

A

1 tight junction nonfenestrated capillary endo cells
2 BM
3 astrocyte foot processes

glucose and AA - carrier mediated transport
nonpolar lipid soluble - cross diffusion rapidly

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8
Q

area postrema

A

vomiting center - CTZ

no BBB - allow blood fo affect brain function

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9
Q

neurohypophysis

A

no BBB - ADH release

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10
Q

hypothalamus nuclei

A 
lateral - hunger - leptin
ventromedial - satiety - leptin
anterior - cooling - PS
posterior - heating - S
suprachiasmatic nucleus - circadian rhythm
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11
Q

loss of lateral hypothalamus nuclei

A

anorexia

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12
Q

loss of ventromedial hypothalamus nuclei

A

hyperphagia - eat alot

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13
Q

sleep chemicals

A

SCN - NE release - pineal gland - melatonin

regulate suprachiasmatic nucleus - light

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14
Q

extraocular movement during sleep

A

PPRF - paramedian pontine reticular formation

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15
Q

REM sleep

A

lose motor tone
increased brain O2 use
variable pulse and BP

dreaming and boners

beta waves

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16
Q

awake eyes closed

A

alpha waves on EEG

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17
Q

awake eyes open

A

beta waves on EEG

high frequency
low amplitude

18
Q

non-REM sleep stages

A

N1 - light sleep - theta wave

N2 - deeper sleep - bruxism (grind teeth) - sleep spindle and K complexes

N3 - deepest non-REM sleep - slow wave sleep

  • sleepwalking, night terror, bedwetting
  • delta wave - low frequency, high amplitude
19
Q

decreased REM sleep

A

alcohol
benzos
barbs

decrease REM and delta wave sleep

NE - also decreases REM

20
Q

tx bedwetting

A

sleep enuresis

oral desmopressin

21
Q

tx night terror and sleep terror

A

benzos

22
Q

VPL

A

of thalamus

pain and temp
pressure, touch, vibration, proprioception

23
Q

VPM

A

of thalamus

face sensation, taste

24
Q

LGN

A

of thalamus

CN II - vision - to calcarine sulcus

25
Q

MGN

A

of thalamus

superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum

hearing - to auditory cortex

26
Q

VL

A

of thalamus

basal ganglia and cerebellum

motor information to motor cortex

27
Q

not through thalamus

A

olfaction

28
Q

limbic system

A 
hippocampus
amygdala
fornix
mammilary bodies
cingulate gyrus
29
Q

osmotic demyelination syndrome

A

central pontine myelinosis

locked in syndrome

axonal demyelination in pontine white matter - osmotic

from correcting hypoNa too quickly

30
Q

correct hyperNa too fast

A

cerebral edema

herniation

31
Q

cerebellum

A

input - contralateral

output - contralateral - purkinje cells

lateral lesion - fall toward injured side
midline lesion - B/L motor deficit - axial and prox limb muscles

32
Q

striatum

A

putamen and caudate

33
Q

lentiform

A

putamen and globus pallidus

34
Q

basal ganglia pathways

A

direct - D1 - facilitate movement
-GABA disinhibits thalamus

indirect - D2 - inhibit movement

dopamine - binds D1 - stimulate excitatory pathway
-binds D2 - inhibiting inhibitory pathway

GPi - globus pallidus internus

  • inhibits thalamus
  • so direct pathway inhibits this with GABA
  • and indirect pathway stimulate GPi - to inhibit thalmus
35
Q

athetosis

A

slow writhing movement

basal ganglia lesion

36
Q

chorea

A

sudden jerky movement

basal ganglia lesion

37
Q

dystonia

A

sustained involuntary contraction

writer cramp
blepharospasm (eyelid)

38
Q

essential tremor

A

high frequency tremor with sustained posture
-worse with movement/stress

pt self mediated EtOH

tx - B-blocker and primidone

39
Q

hemiballism

A

sudden flailing of 1 arm and ipsi leg

C/L subthalamic nucleus - lacunar stroke

C/L lesion

40
Q

intention tremor

A

zigzag motion when pointing extending toward target

cerebellar dysfunction

41
Q

myoclonus

A

sudden brief uncontrolled muscle contraction

jerk, hiccup, renal and liver failure

42
Q

resting tremor

A

pill rolling - of parkinsons

alleviated wth movement

Board Review - C - Neuro (9 decks)

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