Neuro III

Question 1

parkinson

Answer 1

lewy bodies - a-synuclein - eosinophil inclusions

loss dopaminergic neurons substantia nigra

tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffle gait

Question 2

huntington

Answer 2

auto dom - CH4 - trinucleotide repeats CAG

choreiform movement, aggression, derpression, dementia

increased DA
decreased GABA, ACh - in brain

glutamate toxocity - kill neuron

Question 3

caudate atrophy

Answer 3

huntington disease

with ex vacuo dilation of frontal horns on MRI

Question 4

broca aphasia

Answer 4

frontal lobe - motor aphasia

nonfluent aphasia - intact comprehension
-impaired repetition

angry

Question 5

wernicke aphasia

Answer 5

temporal lobe - sensory aphasia

fluent aphasia - impaired comprehension

• impaired repetition
• word salad

unaware of issue

Question 6

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 6

connect broca and wernicke

lesion - conduction aphasia

cannot repeat phrases

Question 7

poor repetition but fluent speech

Answer 7

conduction aphasia

arcuate fasciculus

Question 8

global aphasia

Answer 8

broca, wernicke, arcuate fasciculus lesion

nonfluent aphasia and impaired comprehension

Question 9

loss of comprehension - but intact repetitision

Answer 9

transcortical lesion

motor, sensory, or mixed

• motor - non fluent aphasia
• sensory - poor comprehension
• mixed - nonfluent aphasia and poor comprehension

Question 10

kluver bucy syndrome

Answer 10

B/L amygdala lesion

with HSV-1

hyperphagia, hypersex, hyperoral

Question 11

forntal lobe lesion

Answer 11

loss judgement, concentration, orientation

Question 12

loss nondominant parietal temporal cortex

Answer 12

hemispatial neglect

Question 13

dominant parietal temporal cortex lesion

Answer 13

agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left right disorientation

Question 14

lesion reticular activating system

Answer 14

reduced arousal and wakeful

ex/ coma

Question 15

B/L mamillary body lesion

Answer 15

wernicke-korsakoff

confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia

memory loss

confabulation

personality change

Question 16

B1 deficient and alcohol use

Answer 16

wernicke korsakoff syndrome

Question 17

basal ganglia lesion

Answer 17

tremor, lesion, athetosis

parkinson
huntington

Question 18

cerebellar hemisphere lesion

Answer 18

intention tremor
limb ataxia
loss of balance

ipsilateral defect - fall toward lesion

Question 19

lesion cerebellar vermis

Answer 19

truncal ataxia - medial lesion

Question 20

subthalamic nucleus lesion

Answer 20

C/L hemiballismus

Question 21

B/L hippocampus damage

Answer 21

anterograde lesion

cannot make new memory

Question 22

paramedian pontine reticular formation lesion

Answer 22

eye look away from side of lesion

Question 23

frontal eye field lesion

Answer 23

eye look toward lesion

Question 24

anterior cerebral artery

Answer 24

to anteromedial brain

Question 25

middle cerebral artery

Answer 25

to lateral surface brain

Question 26

posterior cerebral artery

Answer 26

to posterior and inferior surface of brain

Question 27

severe hypotension

Answer 27

watershed ischemia

upper leg/upper arm weak
defect high order visual processing

Question 28

circle of willis

Answer 28

vertebral arteries form basilar artery

• basilar artery - split to posterior cerebral a
• and posterior communicating

posterior communicating - joint middle cerebral a

internal carotid a forms anterior cerebral a and middle cerebral a

Question 29

lenticulostriate arteries

Answer 29

from middle cerebral artery

Question 30

SCA, AICA and PICA

Answer 30

superior cerebellar arteries
anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

PICA - from vertebral aa
AICA - from further up vertebral aa/basilar a
SCA - from basilar a

Question 31

pontine aa

Answer 31

from basilar a

Question 32

posterior communicating a

Answer 32

connect the VA flow with ICA flow

Question 33

homunculus

Answer 33

foot - medial

face - lateral

Question 34

cerebral perfusion

Answer 34

primary drive - high PCO2 - more flow

severe hypoxia - PO2

Question 35

therapeutic hyperventilation

Answer 35

decreases PCO2

helps to decrease intracranial Pressure

Question 36

MCA stroke

Answer 36

C/L paralysis - upper limb and face
C/L sensation loss - upper limb and face

dominant - aphasia
non-dominant - hemineglect

Question 37

ACA stroke

Answer 37

C/L paralysis - lower limb

C/L loss sensation - lower limb

Question 38

lenticulostriate stroke

Answer 38

uncontrolled HTN

C/L hemiparesis/hemiplegia