Neuro III Flashcards
parkinson
lewy bodies - a-synuclein - eosinophil inclusions
loss dopaminergic neurons substantia nigra
tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffle gait
huntington
auto dom - CH4 - trinucleotide repeats CAG
choreiform movement, aggression, derpression, dementia
increased DA
decreased GABA, ACh - in brain
glutamate toxocity - kill neuron
caudate atrophy
huntington disease
with ex vacuo dilation of frontal horns on MRI
broca aphasia
frontal lobe - motor aphasia
nonfluent aphasia - intact comprehension
-impaired repetition
angry
wernicke aphasia
temporal lobe - sensory aphasia
fluent aphasia - impaired comprehension
- impaired repetition
- word salad
unaware of issue
arcuate fasciculus
connect broca and wernicke
lesion - conduction aphasia
cannot repeat phrases
poor repetition but fluent speech
conduction aphasia
arcuate fasciculus
global aphasia
broca, wernicke, arcuate fasciculus lesion
nonfluent aphasia and impaired comprehension
loss of comprehension - but intact repetitision
transcortical lesion
motor, sensory, or mixed
- motor - non fluent aphasia
- sensory - poor comprehension
- mixed - nonfluent aphasia and poor comprehension
kluver bucy syndrome
B/L amygdala lesion
with HSV-1
hyperphagia, hypersex, hyperoral
forntal lobe lesion
loss judgement, concentration, orientation
loss nondominant parietal temporal cortex
hemispatial neglect
dominant parietal temporal cortex lesion
agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left right disorientation
lesion reticular activating system
reduced arousal and wakeful
ex/ coma
B/L mamillary body lesion
wernicke-korsakoff
confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
memory loss
confabulation
personality change
B1 deficient and alcohol use
wernicke korsakoff syndrome
basal ganglia lesion
tremor, lesion, athetosis
parkinson
huntington
cerebellar hemisphere lesion
intention tremor
limb ataxia
loss of balance
ipsilateral defect - fall toward lesion
lesion cerebellar vermis
truncal ataxia - medial lesion
subthalamic nucleus lesion
C/L hemiballismus
B/L hippocampus damage
anterograde lesion
cannot make new memory
paramedian pontine reticular formation lesion
eye look away from side of lesion
frontal eye field lesion
eye look toward lesion
anterior cerebral artery
to anteromedial brain
middle cerebral artery
to lateral surface brain
posterior cerebral artery
to posterior and inferior surface of brain
severe hypotension
watershed ischemia
upper leg/upper arm weak
defect high order visual processing
circle of willis
vertebral arteries form basilar artery
- basilar artery - split to posterior cerebral a
- and posterior communicating
posterior communicating - joint middle cerebral a
internal carotid a forms anterior cerebral a and middle cerebral a
lenticulostriate arteries
from middle cerebral artery
SCA, AICA and PICA
superior cerebellar arteries
anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
PICA - from vertebral aa
AICA - from further up vertebral aa/basilar a
SCA - from basilar a
pontine aa
from basilar a
posterior communicating a
connect the VA flow with ICA flow
homunculus
foot - medial
face - lateral
cerebral perfusion
primary drive - high PCO2 - more flow
severe hypoxia - PO2
therapeutic hyperventilation
decreases PCO2
helps to decrease intracranial Pressure
MCA stroke
C/L paralysis - upper limb and face
C/L sensation loss - upper limb and face
dominant - aphasia
non-dominant - hemineglect
ACA stroke
C/L paralysis - lower limb
C/L loss sensation - lower limb
lenticulostriate stroke
uncontrolled HTN
C/L hemiparesis/hemiplegia
