Neuro - Tumours

Question 1

what is hydrocephalus?

Answer 1

accumulation of CSF in the ventricles/around the brain

Question 2

difference between non communicating and communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 2

non communicating - obstruction in ventricles

communicating - blocked outside ventricles

Question 3

features of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 3

wet
wacky
wobbly

Question 4

features of hydrocephalus?

Answer 4

reduced consciousness
papilloedema
headache
N+V
neck stiffness

Question 5

features of hydrocephalus in kids?

Answer 5

tense fontanelles
increased head size
downward deviation of eyes

Question 6

what happens in a subfalcine herniation?

Answer 6

cingulate gryus displaces under falx cerebri (midline)

ischaemia to motor and sensory cortex

Question 7

what happens in a tentorial herniation?

Answer 7

temporal lobe herniates over tentorium cerebelli

CN III palsy (down and out, blown pupil)

Question 8

what happens in a cerebellar/tonsillar herniation?

Answer 8

tonsils herniate through foramen magnum

respiratory centre in medulla compromised

Question 9

what happens in a transcalvarial herniation?

Answer 9

swollen brain herniates through any skull defect

Question 10

where is CSF formed?

Answer 10

choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles

Question 11

route of CSF?

Answer 11

choroid plexus of lat ventricles ->
3rd ->
cerebral aqueduct ->
4th ->
Subarachnoid space

Question 12

what absorbs CSF?

Answer 12

arachnoid granules

Question 13

what can cause a non communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 13

meningitis

SAH

Question 14

layers of spinal cord?

Answer 14

dura
arachnoid
pia

Question 15

Ix for hydrocephalus?

Answer 15

US <6 months/MRI

LP for communicating ONLY

Question 16

Tx for hydrocephalus?

Answer 16

treat cause

VP shunt

Question 17

what genetic condition is associated with mengiomas?

Answer 17

NF2

Question 18

where do meningiomas come from? do they become malignant?

Answer 18

mesenchymal cells in the meninges

rarely invade

Question 19

Ix for SOL?

Answer 19

CT

T1/2 weighted MRI

Question 20

features of a frontal lobe tumour?

Answer 20

personality change
brocas/wernicke’s
hemiparesis

Question 21

features of a temporal lobe tumour?

Answer 21

dysphasia
amnesia
homonymous hemianopia

Question 22

features of a parietal lobe tumour?

Answer 22

sensory loss

dysphasia

Question 23

commonest malignant brain tumour in kids?

Answer 23

medulloblastoma

Question 24

how does medulloblastoma commonly present? why?

Answer 24

raised ICP

occur in midline cerebellum so blocks CSF flow

Question 25

most common malignant brain tumour in adults? 2nd most common?

Answer 25

glioblastoma

oligodendroglial