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AB 4th Year Medical Specialties > Neuro - Infections > Flashcards

Neuro - Infections Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

risk factors for meningitis?

A 
<5yrs
>60yrs
immunocompromised
HIV
cancer
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2
Q

what are the features of meningism?

A

headache
neck stiffness
photophobia

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3
Q

features of pyogenic meningitis?

A 
meningism
fever
vomiting 
confused
non blanching maculopapular rash
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4
Q

features of aseptic meningiis?

A

meningism
fever
nausea
late summer/autumn

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5
Q

what can cause aseptic meningitis?

A

enteroviruses
HIV
HSV
TB

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6
Q

what bacteria as associated with meningitis in neonates?

A

listeria
GBS
E coli

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7
Q

what bacteria as associated with meningitis in children?

A

h influenzae

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8
Q

what bacteria as associated with meningitis in 10-21yrs?

A

neisseria meningitis

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9
Q

what bacteria as associated with meningitis in >21?

A

strep pneumoniae

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10
Q

what bacteria as associated with meningitis in >65?

A

listeria

strep pneumoniae

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11
Q

what bacteria as associated with meningitis in those with head trauma?

A

staph aureus

staph epi

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12
Q

what bacteria as associated with meningitis in those who have had # cribiform plate?

A

strep pneumoniae

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13
Q

Ix for meningitis?

A 
FBC, BM, U+Es, LFTs, coag 
throat swab (viral/bacterial)
blood cultures
LP 
CT (if concerned about raised ICP)
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14
Q

on CSF, what tests should be done for meningitis?

A 
microbiology
PCR
glucose
cell count
lactate
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15
Q

in CSF, what is the pattern for bacterial meningitis?

A

bacteria +ve
protein ++
glucose <70%

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16
Q

in CSF, what is the pattern for viral meningitis?

A

bacteria -ve
protein (normal or high)
glucose normal

17
Q

in CSF, what is the pattern for TB meningitis?

A

bacteria +
protein +++
glucose <60%
high lymphocytes

18
Q

what is the Tx for meningitis? what can be added for cover?

A

IV ceftriaxone + dexamethasone

+ amox if >60 (for listeria)
+ vanc/rifamp (for penicillin resistant pneumoccas)

19
Q

what is the pen allergic Tx for meningitis?

A

IV chlorampenicol + dexamethasone

+ co trimoxazole if >60 (for listeria)

20
Q

what is the contact prophylaxis for meningitis? who gets it?

A

500mg cipro/60mg rifampicin

contact with infected individual in last 7 days

21
Q

Tx for aspectic meningitis?

A

self limiting

supportive

22
Q

what vaccines are available for meningitis?

A 
HiB (kids)
neisseria meningitis (18+)
strep pneumoniae (babies/>65)
23
Q

features of encephalitis?

A

insidious onset
meningism
speech and memory problems

24
Q

what can cause encephalitis?

A

HSV
EBV
CMV

25
Q

Ix for encephalitis?

A 
FBC
BM
U+Es
LFTs
coag

throat swab
LP
MRI/CT (MRI preferred)

26
Q

Tx for encephalitis?

A

acyclovir

27
Q

complications of meningitis?

A

abscess
hydrocephalus
seizures

AB 4th Year Medical Specialties (9 decks)

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