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AB 4th Year Medical Specialties > Neuro - Dementia > Flashcards

Neuro - Dementia Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 features of lewy body dementia?

A

fluctuating cognitive impairment
visual hallucinations
parkinsonism

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2
Q

Ix for lewy body dementia?

A

MoCA
FBC, U+Es, LFTs, TSH, BM, B12+folate
CT/MRI brain

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3
Q

diagnostic criteria for lewy body dementia?

A 
2 of...
visual hallucinations
fluctuating cognition 
REM sleep disorder
Parkinsonism (not present for >1yr prior to dementia)
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4
Q

Tx for lewy body dementia?

A

cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil)
NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (e.g memantine)
SSRIs
parkinsonism Tx
benzos acutely

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5
Q

what is alzheimer’s disease? where in the brain does it affect?

A

chronic neurodegen disease leading to a progressive functional decline

temporal lobe first

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6
Q

features of alzheimer’s diseae?

A 
memory loss
disorientation
nominal dysphasia
misplacing/lost
decline in ADLs
personality change
agitated
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7
Q

what microscopic changes occur in alzheimer’s diseae?

A

neurofibrillary tangles

beta amyloid plaques

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8
Q

macroscopic changes that occur in alzheimer’s diseae?

A

cortical atrophy
widened sulci
thin gyri

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9
Q

Tx for alzheimer’s diseae?

A

cholesterinase inhibitors
NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist
SSRIs

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10
Q

risk factors for vascular dementia?

A 
age
obese
HT
smoking 
DM
hypercholesterolaemia
alcohol
stroke/TIA
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11
Q

features of vascular dementia?

A 
stepwise deterioration 
abrupt onset
dysphagia
dyscalculia
disinhibition
aware of mental defecits
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12
Q

Tx for vascular dementia?

A 
atherosclerotic = antiplatelet
cardioembolic = anticoag and antiplatelet
BP control
cholesterol control
glycaemic control 
cholesterinase inhibitors
memantine
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13
Q

what features are present in fronto temporal dementia?

A 
irritable
argumentatile
leud remarks
loss of empathy 
compulsive
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14
Q

Ix for fronto temporal dementia? results?

A

MRI shows frontotemporal atrophy

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15
Q

Tx for fronto temporal dementia?

A

benzos acutely

SSRIs

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16
Q

causes of peripheral neuropathy?

A 
BM
alcohol
B12 deficiency 
guillian barre
drugs 
charcot marie tooth
17
Q

what happens first, glove or stocking, in peripheral neuropathy?

A

stocking

18
Q

what is mononeuritis multiplex?

A

a neuropathy affecting several nerves

no pattern/cause found

AB 4th Year Medical Specialties (9 decks)

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