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AB 4th Year Medical Specialties > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what colour is gram positive? why?

A

PURPLE

retains colour due to peptidoglycan wall

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2
Q

what abx gives positive cover?

A

vancomycin

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3
Q

what abx cover strep/staph?

A

penicillins

macrolides (erythro/clarithro)

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4
Q

what types of strep bacteria exist?

A

alpha (partial)
beta (complete)
no haemolysis

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5
Q

what is the difference between strep and staph under the microscope?

A

strep in STRIPS

staph in clusters

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6
Q

what types of staph exist?

A

coag +ve (staph au)

coag -ve (staph epi)

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7
Q

what other aerobic gram positive bacteria exist? (not staph/strep)

A

listeria
bacillus cerus
diptheria

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8
Q

what are anaerobic gram positive bacteria?

A

C diff
tetani
perfringens

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9
Q

what abx covers anaerobic?

A

metronidazole

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10
Q

what colour is gram negative?

A

PINK

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11
Q

what are the strict aerobic gram negative bacteria?

A

legionella
pseudomonas

(pneumonias)

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12
Q

what are the gram negative aerobic diplococci?

A

neisseria gonorrhoea

meningiditis

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13
Q

what are the gram negative aerobic bacillus? Tx?

A 
bordatella pertussis (whoop)
haem influenza (pneumonia/COPD)

LUNG THINGS

macrolides

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14
Q

what are the gram negative coliform commensals?

A

e coli
klebsiella
proteus

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15
Q

what are the gram negative coliform pathogens?

A

salmonella
shigella
e coli

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16
Q

what does gentamicin cover?

A

gram negative

17
Q

what are the microaerophillic gram negative bacteria?

A

cambylobacter

helicobacter

18
Q

what is sepsis?

A

life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection

19
Q

what scoring is used to determine sepsis? what are the ranges?

A

SOFA

BP <00
RR >22
GCS <15

20
Q

what can be used to determine if someone has septic shock?

A

refractory hypotension

> 2 lactate

21
Q

what urine output is concerning?

A

<0.5ml/kg/hour

22
Q

what gram negative bacteria commonly cause sepsis?

A

pseudomonas

e coli

23
Q

what gram positive bacteria commonly cause sepsis?

A

staph aureus

strep pneumoniae

24
Q

what is the sepsis 6?

A 
B blood culture, FBC, coag, ABG, U+Es, glucose, LFTs
U UO
F 0.9% saline bolus
A ABx
L lactate
O oxygen
25
Q

what Abx is given for sepsis? what is each covering?

A

amox (gram positives)
met (anaerobes)
gent (gram negative)

26
Q

what is giardia? Tx?

A

parasite infection

metronidazole

27
Q

features of cholera?

A

rice water diarrhoea

dehydrated

28
Q

what can amoebic infection cause?

A

bloody diarrhoea

liver abscess

29
Q

what bacteria causes typhoid?

A

salmonella

30
Q

features of typhoid?

A 
headache
fever
athralgia
constipation
rose spots
31
Q

what causes malaria?

A

plasmodium protozoa (spread by mosquitos)

32
Q

most common type of malaria?

A

falciparum

33
Q

features of malaria?

A 
headache
splenomegaly 
hypos
acidosis
fever
anaemia
seizures
renal failure
ARDS

AB 4th Year Medical Specialties (9 decks)

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